Oophaga pumilio
Oopaga pumilio, also known as the "Strawberry Poison Frog" is a diurnal, semi-arboreal species native to Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama. Over 90 localities of pumilio have been identified, each distinguished by unique patterns and coloration.
| Oophaga pumilio | |
|---|---|
 Oophaga pumilio (© Jackcsmall) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Dendrobatidae |
| Genus: | Oophaga |
| Species: | pumilio |
| Binomial name | |
| Oophaga pumilio | |
| (Schmidt, 1857) | |
Description[edit | edit source]
Oopaga pumilio reach approximately 3/4 to 1 inch (19-24 mm) in length and occur in a wide variety of sizes, colors, and patterns in nature. Mainland varieties typically have red or orange-red bodies with at least partly blue limbs while localities native to the Bocas del Toro archipelago occur in red, orange, yellow, blue, green, and brown.[1]
Locales[edit | edit source]
Note: the list below is not exhaustive.
- Aguacate (Cauchero)
- Aguacate (Esperanza)
- Aguacate (Tierra Oscura/Darklands)
- Aldana
- Almirante (Man Creek)
- Almirante (Vulture Point)
- Bajo Cedro
- Bastimentos (Cemetery)
- Bastimentos (Cemetary Orange)
- Bastimentos (Cemetary Orange/Gold Dust)
- Bastimentos (Dendrobati)
- Bastimentos (Gold Dust)
- Bastimentos (Red Frog Beach)
- Bastimentos (Red Frog Hill)
- Bastimentos (Salt Creek)
- Bastimentos (Yellow)
- Bisira
- Black Jeans
- Boca De Colubre
- Bri Bri
- Cayo De Agua
- Cayo (Nancy)
- Cayo (Wilson)
- Changionola
- Charco La Pava
- Chiriqui Grande
- Colon (Bocas del Drago)
- Colon (Mimbitimbi)
- Colon (Villegas)
- Costa Rican "Frye Blue Jeans"
- Costa Rican "Guapiles Blue Jeans"
- Cristobal (Sylvatica locale) Red
- Cristobal (Bahia Grande)
- Cuachero
- Darklands
- Drago Colon
- El Dorado Orange
- El Dorado Red
- El Dorado (Spotted)
- Ensenata
- Escudo
- Esperanza
- Finca
- Guarumo
- Inland Colubre
- Isla Colon
- Isla Popa (South)
- Isla Popa Dos (North)
- Kusapin
- Las Perlas
- Las Tablas
- Loma Azul
- Loma Colubre
- Loma Partida
- Mimitimbi
- Nicky
- Pastores (Shepherd Island)
- Pico de Chiriqui
- Punta Clara
- Punta de Gallinazo
- Punta Laurel
- Punta Valiente (Blue Ville)
- Punta Valiente (Bruno)
- Punta Valiente (Ensenada)
- Punta Valiente (Ryan)
- Punta Vieja (Quebrada Pastor)
- Punta Vieja (Quebrada)
- Quebrada Pitti
- Rambala
- Rio Branco
- Rio Colubre
- Rio Teribe
- Robalo (Loma Estrella)
- Robalo (Uyama River)
- Rufous Ridge
- Seis Amigos
- Siquirres
- Solarte
- Solarte (Bahia Honda)
- Solarte (Nancy/Bahia Honda)
- Tortuguero
- Valle de Agua
- Valle Del Rey (Valle Risco)
- Valle Del Rey (Golden)
Geographical Distribution[edit | edit source]
Oophaga pumilio occurs throughout central northern Nicaragua south through Costa Rica and northwestern Panama, including many islands in the Bocas del Toro archipelago.[2][3]
Reproduction[edit | edit source]
Oophaga pumilio are polygamous, however both sexes provide parental care to offspring. Male Oophaga pumilio establish territories by calling, and will defend mating sites through vocalizations and fighting. After mating occurs, females lay 3-7 eggs which both parents will attend to throughout development.
Once the eggs hatch, males carry their young from mating sites to tadpole-rearing sites, often outside of their territory. Females spend more time with offspring, and lay unfertilized eggs for tadpoles to consume throughout the development cycle.[4]
Diet[edit | edit source]
While information about the diet of Oophaga pumilio is limited, wild frogs are known to consume ants, pill bugs, and spiders. [5]
Conservation[edit | edit source]
Oophaga pumilio is listed as Least Concern (LC) by the IUCN. Habitat loss (from urbanization, agriculture and logging) and over-collection for the pet trade are the principal threats to this species. Oophaga pumilio are abundant in captivity and widely available in the pet trade.[6]
- ↑ Galindo-Uribe, D., Sunyer, J., Hauswaldt, J. S., Amézquita, A., Pröhl, H., & Vences, M. (2014). Colour and pattern variation and Pleistocene phylogeographic origin of the strawberry poison frog, Oophaga pumilio, in Nicaragua. Salamandra, 50(4).
- ↑ Sunyer, J., & Köhler, G. (2010). Conservation status of the herpetofauna of Nicaragua. Conservation of Mesoamerican amphibians and reptiles, 488-509.
- ↑ Savage, J. M. (2002). The amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica: a herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas. University of Chicago press.
- ↑ Pröhl, H., & Hödl, W. (1999). Parental investment, potential reproductive rates, and mating system in the strawberry dart-poison frog, Dendrobates pumilio. Behavioral ecology and sociobiology, 46, 215-220.
- ↑ Noble, G. K. (1918): The amphibians collected by the American Museum expeditions to Nicaragua in 1916. – Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 38(10): 311–347
- ↑ IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2015. Oophaga pumilio. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T55196A3025630. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T55196A3025630.en. Accessed on 24 June 2024.