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<div style="font-size:162%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em; color:#000;">Welcome to [[Wikipedia]],</div>
<div style="font-size:162%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em; color:#000;">Welcome to [[Wikipedia]],</div>
<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:95%;">the [[free content|free]] [[encyclopedia]] that [[Wikipedia:Introduction|anyone&nbsp;can&nbsp;edit]].</div>
<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:95%;">the [[free content|free]] [[encyclopedia]] that [[Wikipedia:Introduction|anyone can edit]].</div>
<div id="articlecount" style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:85%;">[[Special:Statistics|3,503,216]] articles in [[English language|English]]</div>
<div id="articlecount" style="font-size:85%;">[[Special:Statistics|4,132,352]] articles in [[English language|English]]</div>
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* [[Portal:Society|Society]]
* [[Portal:Society|Society]]
* [[Portal:Technology|Technology]]
* [[Portal:Technology|Technology]]
* '''[[Portal:Contents/Portals|All&nbsp;portals]]'''
* '''[[Portal:Contents/Portals|All portals]]'''
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! style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">From today's featured article</h2>
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| style="color:#000;" | <div id="mp-tfa" style="padding:2px 5px"><div style="float:left;margin:0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0">[[Image:Ceres optimized.jpg|100px|The dwarf planet Ceres]]</div>
| style="color:#000;" | <div id="mp-tfa" style="padding:2px 5px"><div style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0;">[[File:Terang Boelan p311.jpg|100px|border|Film poster]]</div>
'''''[[Terang Boelan]]''''' is a 1937 film from the [[Dutch East Indies]] (now Indonesia). Written by [[Saeroen]], directed by [[Albert Balink]], and starring [[Rd Mochtar]], [[Roekiah]] and E. T. Effendi, the film follows two lovers who elope after one is nearly forced to marry an [[opium]] smuggler. Shot in the Indies and Singapore and partially inspired by the 1936 Hollywood film ''[[The Jungle Princess]]'', ''Terang Boelan'' was aimed at [[native Indonesians|native]] audiences and included ''[[kroncong]]'' music and several actors from Balink's previous work, ''[[Pareh]]'' (1936). It was a commercial success in both the Indies and abroad (under the title ''Full Moon''), earning 200,000 [[Straits dollar]]s in [[British Malaya]]. This success revived the faltering domestic film industry and inspired films aimed at [[Malay people|Malay]] audiences in Malaya, creating a formula of songs, beautiful scenery and romance that was followed for decades afterwards. Modern critical reception of the film, which has been [[lost film|lost]] since at least the 1970s, has generally been positive. The Indonesian film historian [[Misbach Yusa Biran]] described it as a turning point in the history of Indonesian cinema for its catalytic effect on the industry's growth. ([[Terang Boelan|'''Full article...''']])
A '''[[dwarf planet]]''' is a [[Astronomical object|celestial body]] [[orbit]]ing the [[Sun]] that is massive enough to be spherical as a result of its own [[gravitation|gravity]] but has not [[Clearing the neighbourhood|cleared its neighbouring region]] of [[planetesimal]]s and is not a [[natural satellite|satellite]]. They are smaller than [[planet]]s, but more massive than [[Small Solar System body|small solar system bodies]]. The term was adopted in 2006 by the [[International Astronomical Union]] (IAU) as a result of the increase in discoveries of [[trans-Neptunian object]]s that rivaled [[Pluto]] in size, and finally precipitated by the discovery of an even more massive object, [[Eris (dwarf planet)|Eris]]. The IAU currently recognizes five dwarf planets&mdash;[[Ceres (dwarf planet)|Ceres]] ''(pictured)'', Pluto, [[Haumea (dwarf planet)|Haumea]], [[Makemake (dwarf planet)|Makemake]], and Eris. It is suspected that at least another 40 known objects in the [[Solar System]] are dwarf planets, but the number might be as high as 2,000. The 2006 definition has been both praised and criticized, and has been disputed by some scientists. ('''[[Dwarf planet|more...]]''')


Recently featured: [[1962 South Vietnamese Independence Palace bombing]] – [[Elk]] – [[The Scout Association of Hong Kong]]
Recently featured: [[Muckaty Station]]&nbsp;– [[War against Nabis]]&nbsp;– [[The Notorious B.I.G.]]


<div style="float:right" class="noprint">'''[[Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 2010|Archive]]''' &ndash; '''[[mail:daily-article-l|By email]]''' &ndash; '''[[Wikipedia:Featured articles|More featured articles...]]'''</div></div>
<div style="text-align: right;" class="noprint">'''[[Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 2012|Archive]]''' – '''[[mail:daily-article-l|By email]]''' – '''[[Wikipedia:Featured articles|More featured articles...]]'''</div></div>
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''From Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Recent additions|newest articles]]:''
''From Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Recent additions|newest content]]:''
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<div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;">
[[File:Socks Seybold (cropped for DYK).jpg|100x100px|Socks Seybold|alt=Cropped photograph of Philadelphia Athletics slugger Socks Seybold, c. 1902]]
[[File:Kaiser Wilhelm II - 100px.jpg|100x100px|Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1905]]
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<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">... that [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser Wilhelm&nbsp;II]] ''(pictured)'' ordered '''[[Imperial German plans for the invasion of the United States|plans drawn up for Germany to invade two US cities]]''': Boston and New York?
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">... that '''[[Elizabeth de Vere, Countess of Oxford]]''', was abducted by the half-brother of her intended bridegroom?
... that [[baseball]] player '''[[Socks Seybold]]''' ''(pictured)'' held the American League [[home run]] record before [[Babe Ruth]] broke it in 1919?
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">... that '''[[List of literary works published in Asia Raja|over 130&nbsp;works of literature]]''' were published in the propaganda newspaper ''[[Asia Raja]]''?
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">... that forest degradation and illegal exports threaten the survival of the '''[[Furcifer balteatus|Rainforest Chameleon]]'''?
... that [[LZ7]]'s 2010 single "'''[[This Little Light]]'''" is based around the 20th century [[Gospel music|gospel]] song "[[This Little Light of Mine]]"?
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">... that '''[[Hans Østerholt]]''' edited the satirical magazine ''[[Hvepsen]]'' from 1905 to 1925?
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">... that over 10&nbsp;million people visited the '''[[Shanghai Expo Mart|Africa Joint Pavilion]]''' during [[Expo&nbsp;2010]]?
... that the science fiction film '''''[[Laserblast]]''''' consistently ranks among the [[Internet Movie Database]]'s bottom 100 films list, and was featured in the last episode of ''[[Mystery Science Theater 3000]]'' broadcast on [[Comedy Central]]?
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">... that the inaugural running of the [[British Classic Races|British Classic]] [[2,000 Guineas Stakes]] was won by the colt '''[[Wizard (horse)|Wizard]]''' in 1809?
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">... that cricketer [[Allan Border]] holds the record for making the '''[[List of international cricket centuries by Allan Border|most number of consecutive appearances]]''' (153 matches) in [[Test cricket|Tests]]?
... that in August each year, [[City of London Corporation|City of London Councillor]] '''[[Alpheus Morton|Sir Alpheus Morton]]''' used to present the [[Lord Mayor of London|Lord Mayor]] with a basket of [[mulberry|mulberries]] from the garden at [[Finsbury Circus]]?
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">
... that the '''[[South Australian referendum, 1896|1896 South Australian referendum]]''' was the first [[referendum]] to be held in [[Australia]]?
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">
... that although '''[[Owen Bieber]]''' intended to be an [[Automobile|auto]] parts worker only for a single summer, he stayed on the job and later became president of the [[United Auto Workers]]?
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">
... that while most of [[Austria (wine)|Austria]] labels their wine [[German wine classification|similar to Germany]], with names such as [[Spätlese]] and [[Auslese]], producers in '''[[Wachau (wine)|Wachau]]''' label their wines after [[feather grass]], [[falconry]] and a green [[lizard]]?


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<div style="text-align: right;" class="noprint">'''[[Wikipedia:Recent additions|Archive]]''' &ndash; '''[[Wikipedia:Your first article|Start a new article]]''' &ndash; '''[[Template talk:Did you know|Nominate an article]]'''</div></div>
<div style="text-align: right;" class="noprint">'''[[Wikipedia:Recent additions|Archive]]''' &ndash; '''[[Wikipedia:Your first article|Start a new article]]''' &ndash; '''[[Template talk:Did you know|Nominate an article]]'''</div></div>
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[[File:Kazakhstan Border Guards Antonov An-72-100 Batuzak-1 cropped.jpg|100x100px|Kazakh military plane|alt=Kazakh military plane|link=File:Kazakhstan Border Guards Antonov An-72-100 Batuzak-1.jpg]]</div>
[[File:Richard Holbrooke cropped.jpg|100x100px|Richard Holbrooke|alt=Richard Holbrooke]]
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box"> China officially '''[[Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong High-Speed Railway|opens]]''' the world's longest [[high-speed rail]] route, linking [[Beijing]] and [[Guangzhou]].
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<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box"> [[Egypt]]ian voters '''[[Egyptian constitutional referendum, 2012|approve]]''' a [[2012 Constitution of Egypt|new constitution]].
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box"> A military aircraft ''(pictured)'' '''[[2012 Kazakhstan Antonov An-72 crash|crashes]]''' while descending toward [[Shymkent]], Kazakhstan, killing all <span class="nowrap">27 people</span> on board.
[[United States|American]] diplomat '''[[Richard Holbrooke]]''' ''(pictured)'', chief negotiator of the [[Dayton Peace Accords]], dies at the age of 69.
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box"> '''[[2012 Delhi gang rape case|The victim of a gang-rape]]''' in [[Delhi]], which sparked widespread demonstrations across [[India]], dies in Singapore.
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box"> [[Park Geun-hye]] is '''[[South Korean presidential election, 2012|elected]]''' [[President of South Korea]], becoming the first woman to hold the position.
Two bombs '''[[2010 Stockholm bombings|explode]]''' in [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]], killing the attacker and injuring two other people.
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box"> Swiss bank [[UBS]] is '''[[Libor scandal#Fines for manipulation|fined]]''' <span class="nowrap">US$1.5 billion</span> for its role in the [[Libor scandal]].
Chinese [[human rights activist]] [[Liu Xiaobo]] is awarded the '''[[2010 Nobel Peace Prize]]''' ''in absentia'', the first time since [[Carlos Saavedra Lamas|1936]] that neither the recipient nor a relative attended the presentation ceremony.
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">
The [[SpaceX Dragon]], in its '''[[COTS Demo Flight 1|first test flight]]''', becomes the first commercially developed spacecraft to successfully return after [[Geocentric orbit|orbiting the Earth]].
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">
An original copy of '''''[[Birds of America (book)|Birds of America]]''''' by [[John James Audubon]] is auctioned for <span style="white-space:nowrap;">£7.3 million</span>, a record price for the sale of a printed book.


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<div style="text-align: right;" class="noprint">'''[[n:Main Page|Wikinews]]''' – '''[[Deaths in 2010|Recent deaths]]''' – '''[[Portal:Current events|More&nbsp;current&nbsp;events...]]'''</div></div>
'''[[Deaths in 2012|Recent deaths]]''':<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;</span>[[Rita Levi-Montalcini]] – [[William Rees-Mogg]] – [[Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr.]]
<div style="text-align: right;" class="noprint">'''[[Syrian civil war]]''' – '''[[n:Main Page|Wikinews]]'''&nbsp;– '''[[Portal:Current events|More&nbsp;current&nbsp;events...]]'''</div></div>
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! style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">On this day...</h2>
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'''[[December 16]]''': '''[[Day of Ashura]]''' ([[Islam]], [[2010]]); [[National Day]] in '''[[Bahrain]]''' ([[1971]]); [[Victory Day (Bangladesh)|Victory Day]] in '''[[Bangladesh]]''' ([[1971]]); [[Independence Day]] in '''[[Kazakhstan]]''' ([[1991]])
'''[[December 31]]''': '''[[New Year's Eve]]''' ([[Gregorian calendar]]); '''[[Hogmanay]]''' in Scotland
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[[File:Andries Pretorius.jpg|100x100px|Andries Pretorius]]
[[File:Vladimir Putin - 2012.jpg|Vladimir Putin|100x100px]]
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<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box"> [[1857]] – [[Queen Victoria]] selected '''[[Ottawa]]''', then a small [[logging]] town, to be the capital of the [[Province of Canada|British colony of Canada]].
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box"> [[1862]] – [[American Civil War]]: The '''[[Battle of Stones River]]''' in [[Murfreesboro, Tennessee]], began in an engagement where both sides would suffer their highest casualty rates of the war.
[[755]] – [[An Lushan]] revolted against [[Tang Dynasty|Tang Chinese]] [[Chancellor of the Tang Dynasty|Chancellor]] [[Yang Guozhong]], initiating the '''[[An Shi Rebellion]]''', which lasted eight years before it was put down.
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box"> [[1972]] – Puerto Rican [[baseball]] player '''[[Roberto Clemente]]''' died in a [[Aviation accidents and incidents|plane crash]] en route to deliver aid to victims of the [[1972 Nicaragua earthquake|Nicaragua earthquake]].
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box"> [[1998]] – The [[European Exchange Rate Mechanism]] froze the values of the legacy currencies in the [[Eurozone]] and established the value of the '''[[euro]]''' currency.
[[1689]] – The [[Parliament of England]] adopted the '''[[Bill of Rights 1689|Bill of Rights]]''', declaring that Englishmen possessed certain [[Negative and positive rights|positive]] civil and political [[right]]s.
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box"> [[1999]] – [[Boris Yeltsin]], the first [[President of Russia]], resigned and named '''[[Vladimir Putin]]''' ''(pictured)'' as [[Acting President of the Russian Federation|acting President]].
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">
[[1838]] – [[Great Trek]]: Over 450 [[Voortrekkers]] led by [[Andries Pretorius]] ''(pictured)'' defeated an estimated 10,000 [[Zulu]] at the '''[[Battle of Blood River]]''' in what is today [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa]].
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">
[[1960]] – United Airlines Flight 826 and Trans World Airlines Flight 266 '''[[1960 New York air disaster|collided]]''' in mid-air in heavy clouds over [[Staten Island]], [[New York City]], killing 134 people.
<li style="-moz-float-edge: content-box">
[[1997]] – "'''[[Dennō Senshi Porygon]]'''", an episode of the [[Japan]]ese television series ''[[Pokémon (anime)|Pokémon]]'', induced [[epileptic seizure]]s in 685 children.
</li>
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</ul>
</ul>
More anniversaries: [[December 15]] &ndash; '''[[December 16]]''' &ndash; [[December 17]]
More anniversaries: <span class="nowrap">[[December 30]] &ndash;</span> <span class="nowrap">'''[[December 31]]''' &ndash;</span> <span class="nowrap">[[January 1]]</span>


<div style="text-align: right;" class="noprint">'''[[Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/December|Archive]]''' &ndash; '''[[mail:daily-article-l|By email]]''' &ndash; '''[[List of historical anniversaries]]'''</div>
<div style="text-align: right;" class="noprint"><span class="nowrap">'''[[Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/December|Archive]]''' &ndash;</span> <span class="nowrap">'''[[mail:daily-article-l|By email]]''' &ndash;</span> <span class="nowrap">'''[[List of historical anniversaries]]'''</span></div>


<div style="text-align: right;"><small>It is now [[December 16]] [[2010]] ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]) &ndash; <span class="plainlinks" id="purgelink">[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_page&action=purge Refresh this page]</span></small></div>
<div style="text-align: right;"><small>It is now <span class="nowrap">December 31, 2012</span> ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]) &ndash; <span class="plainlinks" id="purgelink"><span class="nowrap">[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=purge Refresh this page]</span></span></small></div></div>
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<td style="color:#000;"><div id="mp-tfl" style="padding:2px 5px;"><div style="float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.4em 0.9em">[[File:Larry the Cat (cropped).jpg|125x125px|alt=A photograph of a cat wearing a blue collar and sitting on colourful, ornate carpet with two balloons in the background, one red and the other white|Larry the Cat, Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office]]</div>
The '''[[Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office]]''' is the unofficial title of the official resident cat of the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] at [[10&nbsp;Downing Street]]. Only two cats, [[Humphrey (cat)|Humphrey]] and [[Larry (cat)|Larry]] ''(pictured)'', have been given the title officially; the other cats are given this title affectionately, usually by the British press. There has been a resident [[HM Treasury|Treasury]] or [[Downing Street]] cat employed as a mouser and pet since the reign of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry&nbsp;VIII]] when [[Thomas Wolsey|Cardinal Wolsey]] placed his cat by his side while acting in his judicial capacity as [[Lord Chancellor]]. The cat with the longest tenure at Downing Street is [[Wilberforce (cat)|Wilberforce]], who served under [[Edward Heath]], [[Harold Wilson]], [[James Callaghan|Jim Callaghan]] and [[Margaret Thatcher]]. The departure of the last incumbent, [[Sybil (cat)|Sybil]], was in <span class="nowrap">January 2009</span>. Sybil was owned by the then [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] [[Alistair Darling]], who lived in 10&nbsp;Downing Street while the then Prime Minister, [[Gordon Brown]], lived in the larger [[11&nbsp;Downing Street]]. ('''[[Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office|Full list...]]''')
<div style="text-align:right;" class="noprint">Recently featured: [[List of UK Albums Chart Christmas number ones|UK Albums Chart Christmas number ones]] – [[Timeline of Jane Austen]] – [[Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration]]</div>
<div style="text-align:right;" class="noprint">'''[[Wikipedia:Today's featured list/December 2012|Archive]]''' &ndash; '''[[Wikipedia:Featured lists|More featured lists...]]'''</div></div></td>
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|style="padding:0 0.9em 0 0;"|[[File:Jane Austen, from A Memoir of Jane Austen (1870).jpg|160px|Frontispiece to ''A Memoir of Jane Austen'']]
|style="padding:0 0.9em 0 0;"| [[File:Heliopsis July 2011-2.jpg|350x250px |Smooth oxeye ]]
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|style="padding:0 6px 0 0"|


The '''[[Heliopsis helianthoides|smooth oxeye]]''' ''(Heliopsis helianthoides)'', or '''false sunflower''', is a [[flowering plant]] of the [[Asteraceae]] family [[native plant|native]] to eastern North America. This species is a [[rhizome|rhizomatous]] [[herbaceous plant|herbaceous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]] growing 40–150 cm (16–59 in) tall. It is a popular garden plant, and several [[cultivar]]s are available with flowers of varying colors and shades.
The [[book frontispiece|frontispiece]] to '''''[[A Memoir of Jane Austen]]''''', a [[biography]] of the author [[Jane Austen]] (1775–1817), written by her nephew James Edward Austen-Leigh and published 52 years after her death. Common to biographies written in the [[Victorian era]], it did not attempt to unreservedly tell the story of the author's life, but instead kept much private information from the public. The ''Memoir'' generated popular interest in the works of Jane Austen, which only a literary elite had read up until that point. The art for the frontispiece took some liberties with the [[:File:CassandraAusten-JaneAusten(c.1810) hires.jpg|original painting]], softening Austen's features in the Victorian style.


<small>Image: James Andrews, after [[Cassandra Austen]]<br/>Restoration: [[User:Adam Cuerden|Adam Cuerden]]/[[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]]</small><div style="text-align:right;">
<small>Photo: [[User:Alvesgaspar|Joaquim Alves Gaspar]]</small><div style="text-align:right;">
Recently featured: [[Template:POTD/2010-12-15|Scene from "The Canterville Ghost"]] &ndash; [[Template:POTD/2010-12-14|Karkalla flower]] &ndash; [[Template:POTD/2010-12-13|Internal spider anatomy]]<br/>
Recently featured: [[Template:POTD/2012-12-30|Ani, Turkey]] &ndash; [[Template:POTD/2012-12-29|Zirconium]] &ndash; [[Template:POTD/2012-12-28|Red-capped Plover]]<br/>
<div class="noprint">'''[[Wikipedia:Picture of the day/December 2010|Archive]]''' &ndash; '''[[Wikipedia:Featured pictures|More featured pictures...]]'''</div>
<div class="noprint">'''[[Wikipedia:Picture of the day/December 2012|Archive]]''' &ndash; '''[[Wikipedia:Featured pictures|More featured pictures...]]'''</div>
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<div id="mp-other" style="padding-top:4px; padding-bottom:2px;">
<div id="mp-other" style="padding-top:4px; padding-bottom:2px;">
== Other areas of Wikipedia ==
== Other areas of Wikipedia ==
*'''[[Wikipedia:Community portal|Community portal]]''' – Bulletin board, projects, resources and activities covering a wide range of Wikipedia areas.
*'''[[Wikipedia:Help desk|Help desk]]''' – Ask questions about using Wikipedia.
*'''[[Wikipedia:Help desk|Help desk]]''' – Ask questions about using Wikipedia.
*'''[[Wikipedia:Local Embassy|Local embassy]]''' – For Wikipedia-related communication in languages other than English.
*'''[[Wikipedia:Reference desk|Reference desk]]''' – Serving as virtual librarians, Wikipedia volunteers tackle your questions on a wide range of subjects.
*'''[[Wikipedia:Reference desk|Reference desk]]''' – Serving as virtual librarians, Wikipedia volunteers tackle your questions on a wide range of subjects.
*'''[[Wikipedia:News|Site news]]''' – Announcements, updates, articles and press releases on Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation.
*'''[[Wikipedia:Village pump|Village pump]]''' – For discussions about Wikipedia itself, including areas for technical issues and policies.
*'''[[Wikipedia:Village pump|Village pump]]''' – For discussions about Wikipedia itself, including areas for technical issues and policies.

*'''[[Wikipedia:Community portal|Community portal]]''' – Bulletin board, projects, resources and activities covering a wide range of Wikipedia areas.
*'''[[Wikipedia:News|Site news]]''' – Announcements, updates, articles and press releases on Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation.
*'''[[Wikipedia:Local Embassy|Local embassy]]''' – For Wikipedia-related communication in languages other than English.
</div><div id="mp-sister">
</div><div id="mp-sister">
== Wikipedia's sister projects ==
== Wikipedia's sister projects ==
Wikipedia is hosted by the [[Wikimedia Foundation]], a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other [[:wikimedia:Our projects|projects]]:
Wikipedia is hosted by the [[Wikimedia Foundation]], a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other [[wmf:Our projects|projects]]:
<table class="layout plainlinks" style="width:100%; margin:auto; text-align:left; background:transparent;">

<table class="layout plainlinks" style="width:100%; margin:auto; text-align:left; background:transparent;">
<tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Commons-logo-31px.png|31px|link=commons:|Commons]] </td>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Commons-logo-31px.png|31px|link=commons:|Commons]] </td>
<td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"> '''[http://commons.wikimedia.org/ Commons]''' <br> Free media repository </td>
<td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"> '''[//commons.wikimedia.org/ Commons]''' <br> Free-media repository </td>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Wikinews-logo-51px.png|51px|link=n:|Wikinews]] </td>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Wikinews-logo-51px.png|51px|link=n:|Wikinews]] </td>
<td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"> '''[http://en.wikinews.org/ Wikinews]''' <br> Free-content news </td>
<td style="padding:4px;"> '''[//en.wikinews.org/ Wikinews]''' <br> Free-content news </td>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Wiktionary-logo-51px (2004).png|51px|link=wikt:|Wiktionary]] </td>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Wikispecies-logo-35px.png|35px|link=wikispecies:|Wikispecies]] </td>
<td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"> '''[http://en.wiktionary.org/ Wiktionary]''' <br> Dictionary and thesaurus </td>
<td style="padding:4px;"> '''[//species.wikimedia.org/ Wikispecies]''' <br> Directory of species </td>
</tr><tr>
</tr><tr>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Meta-logo-35px.png|35px|link=m:|Meta-Wiki]] </td>
<td style="padding:4px;"> '''[//meta.wikimedia.org/ Meta-Wiki]''' <br> Wikimedia project coordination </td>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Wikiquote-logo-51px.png|51px|link=q:|Wikiquote]] </td>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Wikiquote-logo-51px.png|51px|link=q:|Wikiquote]] </td>
<td style="padding:4px;"> '''[http://en.wikiquote.org/ Wikiquote]''' <br> Collection of quotations </td>
<td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"> '''[//en.wikiquote.org/ Wikiquote]''' <br> Collection of quotations </td>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Wikiversity-logo-41px.png|41px|link=v:|Wikiversity]] </td>
<td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"> '''[//en.wikiversity.org/ Wikiversity]''' <br> Free learning materials and activities </td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Wikibooks-logo-35px.png|35px|link=b:|Wikibooks]] </td>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Wikibooks-logo-35px.png|35px|link=b:|Wikibooks]] </td>
<td style="padding:4px;"> '''[http://en.wikibooks.org/ Wikibooks]''' <br> Free textbooks and manuals </td>
<td style="padding:4px;"> '''[//en.wikibooks.org/ Wikibooks]''' <br> Free textbooks and manuals </td>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Wikisource logo 35px.png|35px|link=s:|Wikisource]] </td>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Wikisource logo 35px.png|35px|link=s:|Wikisource]] </td>
<td style="padding:4px;"> '''[http://en.wikisource.org/ Wikisource]''' <br> Free-content library </td>
<td style="padding:4px;"> '''[//en.wikisource.org/ Wikisource]''' <br> Free-content library </td>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Wiktionary-logo-51px.png|51px|link=wikt:|Wiktionary]] </td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Wikispecies-logo-35px.png|35px|link=wikispecies:|Wikispecies]] </td>
<td style="padding:4px;"> '''[//en.wiktionary.org/ Wiktionary]''' <br> Dictionary and thesaurus </td>
<td style="padding:4px;"> '''[http://species.wikimedia.org/ Wikispecies]''' <br> Directory of species </td>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Wikiversity-logo-41px.png|41px|link=v:|Wikiversity]] </td>
<td style="padding:4px;"> '''[http://en.wikiversity.org/ Wikiversity]''' <br> Free learning materials and activities </td>
<td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> [[File:Meta-logo-35px.png|35px|link=m:|Meta-Wiki]] </td>
<td style="padding:4px;"> '''[http://meta.wikimedia.org/ Meta-Wiki]''' <br> Wikimedia project coordination </td>
</tr></table>
</tr></table>
</div><div id="mp-lang">
</div><div id="mp-lang">
== Wikipedia languages ==
== Wikipedia languages ==


<div id="lang" class="nowraplinks nourlexpansion">
<div id="lang" class="nowraplinks nourlexpansion plainlinks">
This Wikipedia is written in [[English language|English]]. Started in 2001<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2001</span>)</span>, it currently contains [[Special:Statistics|3,503,216]] articles.&#32;Many other Wikipedias are available; some of the largest are listed below.
This Wikipedia is written in [[English language|English]]. Started in 2001<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2001</span>)</span>, it currently contains [[Special:Statistics|4,132,352]] articles.&#32;Many other Wikipedias are available; some of the largest are listed below.
<ul>
<ul>


<li id="lang-4">More than 500,000 articles: [[:de:|<span title="German (de:)" lang="de" xml:lang="de">Deutsch</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:es:|<span title="Spanish (es:)" lang="es" xml:lang="es">Español</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:fr:|<span title="French (fr:)" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Français</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:it:|<span title="Italian (it:)" lang="it" xml:lang="it">Italiano</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:nl:|<span title="Dutch (nl:)" lang="nl" xml:lang="nl">Nederlands</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:ja:|<span title="Japanese (ja:)" lang="ja" xml:lang="ja">日本語</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:pl:|<span title="Polish (pl:)" lang="pl" xml:lang="pl">Polski</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:pt:|<span title="Portuguese (pt:)" lang="pt" xml:lang="pt">Português</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:ru:|<span title="Russian (ru:)" lang="ru" xml:lang="ru">Русский</span>]]</li>
<li id="lang-3">More than 750,000 articles: [//de.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="German (de:)" lang="de" xml:lang="de">Deutsch</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Spanish (es:)" lang="es" xml:lang="es">español</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="French (fr:)" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">français</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Italian (it:)" lang="it" xml:lang="it">italiano</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Dutch (nl:)" lang="nl" xml:lang="nl">Nederlands</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Japanese (ja:)" lang="ja" xml:lang="ja">日本語</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Polish (pl:)" lang="pl" xml:lang="pl">polski</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Portuguese (pt:)" lang="pt" xml:lang="pt">português</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Russian (ru:)" lang="ru" xml:lang="ru">русский</span>]</li>

<li id="lang-3">More than 150,000 articles: [[:ca:|<span title="Catalan (ca:)" lang="ca" xml:lang="ca">Català</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:cs:|<span title="Czech (cs:)" lang="cs" xml:lang="cs">Česky</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:hu:|<span title="Hungarian (hu:)" lang="hu" xml:lang="hu">Magyar</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:no:|<span title="Norwegian (no:)" lang="no" xml:lang="no">‪Norsk (bokmål)‬</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:fi:|<span title="Finnish (fi:)" lang="fi" xml:lang="fi">Suomi</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:ro:|<span title="Romanian (ro:)" lang="ro" xml:lang="ro">Română</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:sv:|<span title="Swedish (sv:)" lang="sv" xml:lang="sv">Svenska</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:tr:|<span title="Turkish (tr:)" lang="tr" xml:lang="tr">Türkçe</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:uk:|<span title="Ukrainian (uk:)" lang="uk" xml:lang="uk">Українська</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:zh:|<span title="Chinese (zh:)" lang="zh" xml:lang="zh">中文</span>]]</li>


<li id="lang-2">More than 100,000 articles: [[:ar:|<span title="Arabic (ar:)" lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">العربية</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:id:|<span title="Indonesian (id:)" lang="id" xml:lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:bg:|<span title="Bulgarian (bg:)" lang="bg" xml:lang="bg">Български</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:da:|<span title="Danish (da:)" lang="da" xml:lang="da">Dansk</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:eo:|<span title="Esperanto (eo:)" lang="eo" xml:lang="eo">Esperanto</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:fa:|<span title="Persian (fa:)" lang="fa" xml:lang="fa">فارسی</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:ko:|<span title="Korean (ko:)" lang="ko" xml:lang="ko">한국어</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:he:|<span title="Hebrew (he:)" lang="he" xml:lang="he">עברית</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:lt:|<span title="Lithuanian (lt:)" lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">Lietuvių</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:sk:|<span title="Slovak (sk:)" lang="sk" xml:lang="sk">Slovenčina</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:sl:|<span title="Slovene (sl:)" lang="sl" xml:lang="sl">Slovenščina</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:sr:|<span title="Serbian (sr:)" lang="sr" xml:lang="sr">Српски / Srpski</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:vi:|<span title="Vietnamese (vi:)" lang="vi" xml:lang="vi">Tiếng Việt</span>]]</li>
<li id="lang-2">More than 150,000 articles: [//ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Arabic (ar:)" lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">العربية</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Indonesian (id:)" lang="id" xml:lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Malay (ms:)" lang="ms" xml:lang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Catalan (ca:)" lang="ca" xml:lang="ca">català</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Czech (cs:)" lang="cs" xml:lang="cs">česky</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//da.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Danish (da:)" lang="da" xml:lang="da">dansk</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Esperanto (eo:)" lang="eo" xml:lang="eo">Esperanto</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Persian (fa:)" lang="fa" xml:lang="fa">فارسی</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Korean (ko:)" lang="ko" xml:lang="ko">한국어</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Lithuanian (lt:)" lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">lietuvių</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Hungarian (hu:)" lang="hu" xml:lang="hu">magyar</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//no.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Norwegian (no:)" lang="no" xml:lang="no">norsk (bokmål)‎</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Romanian (ro:)" lang="ro" xml:lang="ro">română</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Slovak (sk:)" lang="sk" xml:lang="sk">slovenčina</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Serbian (sr:)" lang="sr" xml:lang="sr">српски / srpski</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Finnish (fi:)" lang="fi" xml:lang="fi">suomi</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Swedish (sv:)" lang="sv" xml:lang="sv">svenska</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Vietnamese (vi:)" lang="vi" xml:lang="vi">Tiếng Việt</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Turkish (tr:)" lang="tr" xml:lang="tr">Türkçe</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Ukrainian (uk:)" lang="uk" xml:lang="uk">українська</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Chinese (zh:)" lang="zh" xml:lang="zh">中文</span>]</li>


<li id="lang-1">More than 50,000 articles: [[:ms:|<span title="Malay (ms:)" lang="ms" xml:lang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:et:|<span title="Estonian (et:)" lang="et" xml:lang="et">Eesti</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:el:|<span title="Greek (el:)" lang="el" xml:lang="el">Ελληνικά</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:simple:|<span title="Simple English (simple:)" lang="simple" xml:lang="simple">Simple English</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:eu:|<span title="Basque (eu:)" lang="eu" xml:lang="eu">Euskara</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:gl:|<span title="Galician (gl:)" lang="gl" xml:lang="gl">Galego</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:hr:|<span title="Croatian (hr:)" lang="hr" xml:lang="hr">Hrvatski</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:nn:|<span title="Norwegian (Nynorsk) (nn:)" lang="nn" xml:lang="nn">‪Norsk (nynorsk)‬</span>]]<span style="font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;·</span>&#32; [[:th:|<span title="Thai (th:)" lang="th" xml:lang="th">ไทย</span>]]</li>
<li id="lang-1">More than 50,000 articles: [//bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Bulgarian (bg:)" lang="bg" xml:lang="bg">български</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//et.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Estonian (et:)" lang="et" xml:lang="et">eesti</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//el.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Greek (el:)" lang="el" xml:lang="el">Ελληνικά</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Simple English (simple:)" lang="simple" xml:lang="simple">English (simple)</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Basque (eu:)" lang="eu" xml:lang="eu">euskara</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Galician (gl:)" lang="gl" xml:lang="gl">galego</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//he.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Hebrew (he:)" lang="he" xml:lang="he">עברית</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Croatian (hr:)" lang="hr" xml:lang="hr">hrvatski</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Norwegian (Nynorsk) (nn:)" lang="nn" xml:lang="nn">norsk (nynorsk)‎</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Slovene (sl:)" lang="sl" xml:lang="sl">slovenščina</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Serbo-Croatian (sh:)" lang="sh" xml:lang="sh">srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32;[//ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Tamil (ta:)" lang="ta" xml:lang="ta">தமிழ்</span>]&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&middot;</span>&#32; [//th.wikipedia.org/wiki/ <span title="Thai (th:)" lang="th" xml:lang="th">ไทย</span>]</li>


</ul>
</ul>
</div><div id="metalink" style="text-align:center;">'''[[:meta:List of Wikipedias|Complete list of Wikipedias]]'''</div>
</div><div id="metalink" style="text-align:center;" class="plainlinks">'''[//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias Complete list of Wikipedias]'''</div>
</div>
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Terang Boelan is a 1937 film from the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). Written by Saeroen, directed by Albert Balink, and starring Rd Mochtar, Roekiah and E. T. Effendi, the film follows two lovers who elope after one is nearly forced to marry an opium smuggler. Shot in the Indies and Singapore and partially inspired by the 1936 Hollywood film The Jungle Princess, Terang Boelan was aimed at native audiences and included kroncong music and several actors from Balink's previous work, Pareh (1936). It was a commercial success in both the Indies and abroad (under the title Full Moon), earning 200,000 Straits dollars in British Malaya. This success revived the faltering domestic film industry and inspired films aimed at Malay audiences in Malaya, creating a formula of songs, beautiful scenery and romance that was followed for decades afterwards. Modern critical reception of the film, which has been lost since at least the 1970s, has generally been positive. The Indonesian film historian Misbach Yusa Biran described it as a turning point in the history of Indonesian cinema for its catalytic effect on the industry's growth. (Full article...)

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Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1905

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  • 1862 – American Civil War: The Battle of Stones River in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, began in an engagement where both sides would suffer their highest casualty rates of the war.
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    The Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office is the unofficial title of the official resident cat of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom at 10 Downing Street. Only two cats, Humphrey and Larry (pictured), have been given the title officially; the other cats are given this title affectionately, usually by the British press. There has been a resident Treasury or Downing Street cat employed as a mouser and pet since the reign of Henry VIII when Cardinal Wolsey placed his cat by his side while acting in his judicial capacity as Lord Chancellor. The cat with the longest tenure at Downing Street is Wilberforce, who served under Edward Heath, Harold Wilson, Jim Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher. The departure of the last incumbent, Sybil, was in January 2009. Sybil was owned by the then Chancellor of the Exchequer Alistair Darling, who lived in 10 Downing Street while the then Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, lived in the larger 11 Downing Street. (Full list...)

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