Editing Caatinga Horned Frog

[[File:Caatinga Horned Frog.jpg|alt=Caatinga Horned Frog Ceratophrys joazeirensis) (c) Alenilson – some rights reserved (CC BY-NC)|thumb|Caatinga Horned Frog (''Ceratophrys joazeirensis'') (c) [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/131795744 Alenilson]]]
The Caatinga horned frog, also known as Joazeiro Horned Frog, (''Ceratophrys joazeirensis'') was first described in 1986 by Mercadal and is part of the Pacman genus, ''Ceratophrys''. The [[IUCN]] ranks ''C. joazeirensis'' as Least Concern and that its population is stable. It is extremely similar to ''[[Ceratophrys ornata]]'', however itis genetically different.<ref name=":0">Caatinga Horned Frog, IUCN Red List - https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/56339/172216729</ref><ref name=":1" />

== Geographical Distribution ==
[[File:Caatinga Horned Frog Ceratophrys joazeirensis Geographical Distribution.png|alt=Caatinga Horned Frog Ceratophrys joazeirensis Geographical Distribution|thumb|Caatinga Horned Frog (''Ceratophrys'' ''joazeirensis)'' geographic range, IUCN. <ref name=":0" />]]
''C. joazeirensis's'' natural habitats are intermittent freshwater marshes, subtropical dry lowland grasslands, tropical dry lowland grasslands, and dry savannas in the Caatinga, Atlantic Forest, and Cerrado biomes in Brazil, where it is endemic. It habitates It can be observed between 0m and 200m above sea level.<ref name=":0" />


''Ceratophrys joazeirens'' is the only member of ''Ceratophrys'' that occupies the, semiarid, Caatinga Biome.<ref name=":1">On the natural history of the Caatinga Horned Frog, Ceratophrys joazeirensis (Anura: Ceratophryidae), a poorly known species of northeastern Brazil, Research Gate - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290472141_On_the_natural_history_of_the_Caatinga_Horned_Frog_Ceratophrys_joazeirensis_Anura_Ceratophryidae_a_poorly_known_species_of_northeastern_Brazil</ref> 

==Description==

===Appearance===
Caatinga Horned Frogs are a sexual [[dimorphism]] species where females are notably larger than the males.

==Behavior==
The majority, if not entirety, of activity of ''C. joazeirensis'' occurs during the rainy season making the study of this frog difficult. It spends the dry season burrowed, in dry or moist soils, and inactive awaiting the rainy season to prevent [[desiccation]]. Another strategy they engage in is creating a cocoon of dead skin to retain moisture during [[aestivation]]. Once the rainy season arrives they can be observed foraging and breeding.<ref name=":1" />

===Diet===
Similar to the rest of the ''Ceratophrys'' genus ''C. joazeirensis'' is an ambush predator. They remain stationary until prey come within reach. Caatinga Horned Frog were observed primarily feeding on [[anurans]] just as [[Ceratophrys Cranwelli|''Ceratophrys Cranwelli'']]. They also feed on [[coleopterans]], ants, small vertebrate, and lastly plant material.<ref name=":1" />

===Reproduction===
During the wet season, like others in the Ceratophrys genus, breeding will be triggered by rainfall. The Caatinga Horned Frog rapidly breeds in permanent and intermittent ponds. They are primarily observed in [[marginal plants]] around these ponds.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Caatinga Horned Frog Ceratophrys joazeirensis, iNaturalist - https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/22845-Ceratophrys-joazeirensis</ref>


Water quality in the ponds will impact breeding as poor quality impacts species richness. Once the rainy season ends these ponds will remain for a few weeks to a couple of months. The males will begin calling at their ponds for the short breeding period. Once copulation has resulted in successful fertilization females will lay multiple large masses of approximately 2555.0 ±  1551.1 eggs at the pond.<ref name=":1" />

Once hatched, tadpole are carnivorous and develop speedily.<ref name=":1" />

==Conservation==

===Threats===

*Agriculture
*Livestock
*Ranching
*Hunting

==Captivity==
There is no knowledge currently that indicates any usage of the species in any industry, including the pet trade.<ref name=":0" />

===Availability in captivity===
<references />