Editing Brazilian Horned Frog

[[File:Brazilian Horned Frog Sketch.jpg|alt=Brazilian Horned Frog Sketch|thumb|Brazilian Horned Frog Sketch]]
''Ceratophrys aurita'' is part of the Pacman genus of frogs, ''[[Ceratophrys]]''. It was last classified as of Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List when it was last evaluated on 11 June 2020.<ref>[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/56335/172216557 IUCN Red List https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/56335/172216557]</ref> As well as being described as a [[Pacman frog]] it is colloquially referred to as the Brazilian Horned Frog and Ornate Horned Frog. Adult Brazilian Horned Frogs range in size from 5.5in to almost 9in making it one of the largest ''Ceratophryidae''.<ref name=":0">''Ceratophrys aurita -'' https://www.pierrewildlife.com/searchspecies/amphibians/anura/hornedfrogs/ceratophrysaurita/</ref>

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==Classifications ==
[[File:Brazilian Horned Frog (Ceratophrys aurita) by drfausto.jpg|alt=Brazilian Horned Frog (Ceratophrys aurita) by drfausto|thumb|Brazilian Horned Frog (''Ceratophrys aurita'') by [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/120830564 drfausto]]]''C. aurita'' has been renamed several times since it was first described.
*''Bufo auritus'' Raddi, 1823
*''Rana macrocephala'' Wied-Neuwied, 1824
*''Ceratophrys varius'' Wied-Neuwied, 1824
*''Ceratophrys dorsata'' Wied-Neuwied, 1824
*''Ceratophrys dorsata'' — Wied-Neuwied, 1827
*''Stombus dorsatus'' — Gravenhorst, 1829
*''Ceratophris clipeatus'' Cuvier, 1829
*''Ceratophrys clypeata'' — Cocteau, 1835
*''Ceratophrys varia'' — Cocteau, 1835
*''Ceratophryne dorsata'' — Schlegel, 1858
*''Ceratophrys aurita'' — Bokermann, 1966
*''Ceratophrys aurita'' —Lynch, 1982
==Appearance==
It's typical coloration is a combination of browns, greens, and yellows. They have large eyes on top of their heads as well as a bumpy texture all over their body. ''Aurita'' has a light stomach that is speckled black and two horns triangularly shaped extended from the eyelids.
==Sex==
Females of the species typically do not croak or chirp, but there have been few cases in which they have been observed emitting these sounds.<ref>Brazilian Horned Frog https://earthpedia.earth.com/animal-encyclopedia/chordata/ceratophryidae/ceratophrys-aurita/</ref> ''Ceratophrys aurita'', similar to the rest of the genus, experiences [[sexual dimorphism]]. Once a male has reached adulthood you can differentiate them from their female counterparts as they will develop [[nuptial pads]].

==Geographical Distribution==
[[File:Ceratophrys aurita - Brazilian Horned Frog Geographical Distribution Map cropped.png|alt=Ceratophrys aurita - Brazilian Horned Frog Geographical Distribution Map |thumb|Brazilian Horned Frog (''Ceratophrys aurita'') Geographical Distribution Map]]
Endemic to Brazil and small parts of northern Argentina it can be found at an elevation of 1,000m. It has become popular among the hobbyist trade, though not as popular as ''[[Ceratophrys cranwelli]]''. It can be found, naturally, in temporary or permanent freshwater marshes, ponds, streams, bodies of freshwater, and tropical moist lowland forests under leaf litter and rarely in or around forest edges.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Brazilian Horned Frog, IUCN Red List - https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/56335/172216557</ref> 

Its home range are within the Cattinga and Atlantic forest biomes in the states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo in Brazil.<ref name=":1" /> 

==Lifespan==
Pacman frogs, the [[Ceratophrys]] genus, tend to live between one (1) and six (6) years in the wild, but have been observed to reach 15 years and older in captivity.  

==Diet==
Similar to other frogs within its genus ''Ceratophrys aurita'' have [[vomerine teeth]] and [[maxillary teeth]]. ''Ceratophrys aurita'' is [[carnivorous]] and catches its prey by remaining inactive and grabbing prey that is unfortunate enough to pass by within reach through [[saltation locomotion]]. That prey could include insects, lizards, snakes, rodents, and other frogs. They can swallow prey that is their own size and the prey is killed by its powerful jaws. The bite is so strong that the frog will hold on to the prey until it is swallowed or made to let go.


''Ceratophrys aurita'' has been estimated to have a bite force of 500 newtons which is similar to some medium and large-sized mammalian carnivores.<ref>Meet ‘Jaws’, the South American horned frog with a big bite https://theconversation.com/meet-jaws-the-south-american-horned-frog-with-a-big-bite-80750</ref><ref>Bite force in the horned frog (''Ceratophrys cranwelli'') with implications for extinct giant frogs https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11968-6</ref> When feeding a ''Ceratophrys aurita'' it is important to not come within range of its mouth or you risk injury to yourself and your frog.


The genus does engage in [[cannibalism]] and have been known to eat their mates, typically the female eating the male due to the [[sexual dimorphism]] within the species.

==Reproduction==
''C. aurita'' breeds in temporary and permanent pools of water, ponds, and sometime swimming pools. Once the eggs have hatched the [[tadpoles]] solely eat tadpoles of other species<ref name=":1" /> though they can engage in cannibalistic behavior when faced with a limited food supply.

==Captivity==
Just as the rest of the genus ''C. aurita'' thrive in captivity in the proper setting. The most sought after Brazilian Horned Frogs have tall horns rising about their eyes.

==Threats==

*Residential & Commercial Development
*Agriculture
*Aquaculture
*Logging
*Hunting & Trapping<ref name=":1" />

== Other Names ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
Names Across Languages
!Language
!Name
|-
|English
|Brazilian Horned Frog
|-
|German
| Schildhornfrosch
|-
|German
|Brasilianischer Schmuckhornfrosch
|-
| German
|Riesenhornfrosch
|-
|Japanese
|ブラジルツノガエル
|-
|Portuguese
|Sapo-Entanha-Brasileiro
|-
|Russian
|Бразильская рогатка
|-
| Russian
|Изменчивая рогатка
|-
|English
| Pacman Frog
|-
|Chinese
|巴西角蛙
|-
|English
|Ornate Horned Frog
|}

==References==
<references />