Allobates zaparo
| Allobates zaparo | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Aromobatidae |
| Genus: | Allobates |
| Species: | zaparo |
| Binomial name | |
| Allobates zaparo | |
| (Silverstone, 1976) | |
Also known as "Zaparo's Poison Frog" and the "Sanguine Poison Frog", Allobates zaparo is part of the Cryptic Poison Dart Frog family, Aromobatidae.[1]
In 1976 it was described by Silverstone as Phyllobates zaparo. It was reclassified as Dendrobates zaparo in 1978, Epipedobates zaparo in 1987, and finally Allobates zaparo in 2003. In literature it was first described as Sanguine Poison-arrow Frog in 1988, Sanguine Poison Frog in 1994, and finally Zaparo's Poison Frog in 1995. [1]
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species classifies Allobates zaparo as Least Concern.[2]
Behavior[edit | edit source]
Mimicry[edit | edit source]
Allobates zaparo is diurnal and aposematic - its markings falsely advertise it as poisonous, an evolutionary tactic known as Batesian mimicry. Allobates zaparo resembles poison dart frogs of the Family Dendrobatidae and is believed to mimic Ameerega parvula and Ameerega bilinguis.
Appearance[edit | edit source]
Unlike the rest of the Allobates genus, Allobates zaparo has a red back. Males and females are very similar in size. Males are between 1.06 in. and 1.2 in. while females fall between 1.04 in. and 1.2 in.
Diet[edit | edit source]
The bulk of Allobates zaparo diet is believed to be ants.[3]
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Distribution[edit | edit source]
Allobates zaparo is endemic to the tropical rainforest in Ecuador and Peru across the drainages of Napo and Pastaza in Ecuador, as well as east of the Andes to southern Cordillera Oriental of Peru where it is found between 200 and 1000 meters above sea level.[2]
Threats[edit | edit source]
Zaparo's Poison Frog is threatened from:
- Livestock farming and ranching
- Farming
- Oil and gas drilling
- Mining
- Pollution
- Deforestation
- Development of Pastureland
Reproduction[edit | edit source]
Allobates zaparo deposits its egg clutches in leaf litter and is territorial over laying sites. Males will guard the eggs until they hatch and carry tadpoles on their backs to bodies of water (like slow-moving streams, log cavities, and puddles) to deposit them.[5]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Frost, Darrel R. 2024. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.2 (November 19, 2024). Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2018. Allobates zaparo. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T55039A89198822. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T55039A89198822.en. Accessed on 19 November 2024.
- ↑ J.C. Santos, L.A. Coloma, D.C. Cannatella 2003. "Multiple, recurring origins of aposematism and diet specialization in poison frogs", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (22) 12792-12797. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2133521100
- ↑ IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Conservation International & NatureServe. 2017. Allobates zaparo. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
- ↑ AmphibiaWeb 2018 Allobates zaparo: Sanguine Poison-arrow Frog University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed Nov 19, 2024.