Vivipedia - User contributions [en]

Ameerega bassleri

2025-07-11T19:03:02Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Ameerega bassleri''
|image=[[File:Ameerega_bassleri.jpg|thumb|''Ameerega bassleri'' "Chrome" [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/andes2amazonexpeditions andes2amazonexpeditions]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Ameerega''
|species=''bassleri''
|binomialName=''Ameerega bassleri''
|discovered=(Melin, 1941)
}}
''Ameerega bassleri'', commonly known as the "Pleasing Poison Frog" or simply "bassleri" among hobbyists is a diurnal, semi-arboreal species of poison frog native to mountain forests in the eastern Andes of Peru. <ref name="AMNH">Frost, Darrel R. 2024. [https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php "Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference"] Version 6.2 (November 19, 2024). American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. [http://doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001 doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001] </ref> Renowned for its bumpy skin and vivid black and light green or blue coloration, it is prolific and a popular species among intermediate poison frog hobbyists.

= Description =
Adult ''Ameerega bassleri'' typically measure about 42 mm (1.65 inches) in size.<ref name = "AmphiBIO"> Oliveira, B.F., São-Pedro, V.A., Santos-Barrera, G., Penone, C. & Costa, G.C. (2017). [https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata2017123 "AmphiBIO, a global database for amphibian ecological traits"] Scientific Data, 4:170123. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.123 doi:10.1038/sdata.2017.123] </ref> <ref name = "AmphiBIO figshare"> Oliveira, Brunno Freire; São-Pedro, Vinícius Avelar; Santos-Barrera, Georgina; Penone, Caterina; C. Costa, Gabriel (2017): AmphiBIO_v1. figshare. doi:[https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Oliveira_et_al_AmphiBIO_v1/4644424?file=8828578 10.6084/m9.figshare.4644424.v5] </ref>

Their coloration varies geographically but generally includes vibrant combinations of blue, green, and black. Like other ''Ameerega'', its skin is very bumpy.

==Locales==

* "Saposoa"
* "Sisa" / "Chrome"
* "Yellow"

[[File:Pleasing_Poison_Frog_(Ameerega_bassleri)_geographical_distribution.png|alt=Pleasing Poison Frog (Ameerega bassleri) geographical distribution|thumb|left|Pleasing Poison Frog (''Ameerega bassleri'') geographic range, IUCN<ref name = "IUCN map">IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Conservation International & NatureServe 2017. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/ja/species/55214/89201681#threats ''Ameerega bassleri'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.</ref>]]
== Geographical Distribution ==
''Ameerega bassleri'' inhabits mountain forests in the eastern Andes of northern and central Peru. It is a highland species, preferring cooler temperatures and higher humidity, and is typically found between 500-1,100m elevation.<ref name = "Twomey bassleri-trivittata"> Twomey, E., Morales, V. and Summers, K. 2008. [https://nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16676.x "Evaluating condition-specific and asymmetric competition in a species-distribution context"] – Oikos 117: 1175–1184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16676.x </ref>

== Reproduction ==
In the wild, ''Ameerega bassleri'' reproduce year round. Like other species of ''Ameerega'', females lay clutches terrestrially on leaf litter, where they are guarded and tended by the male until they hatch. Once tadpoles emerge from their eggs the male transports them to small pools of water or puddles. The average clutch contains about 17 eggs. <ref name = "Twomey bassleri-trivittata"></ref>

== Diet ==
''Ameerega bassleri'' feed primarily on small arthropods like ants, mites, and springtails. In captivity they primarily consume wingless or flightless fruit flies.

==Calls==
Male ''Ameerega bassleri'' vocalize with short chirping calls to establish territories and attract females.

==Conservation==
Wild populations of ''Ameerega bassleri'' are declining. The species is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN as a result of habitat loss due to coffee plantations, palm plantations, and cattle pastures. <ref name = "IUCN"> IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2018. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/ja/species/55214/89201681#threats ''Ameerega bassleri'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T55214A89201681. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T55214A89201681.en. Accessed on 10 July 2025.</ref>

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Ameerega bassleri

2025-07-11T19:02:26Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Ameerega bassleri''
|image=[[File:Ameerega_bassleri.jpg|thumb|''Ameerega bassleri'' "Chrome" [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/andes2amazonexpeditions andes2amazonexpeditions]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Ameerega''
|species=''bassleri''
|binomialName=''Ameerega bassleri''
|discovered=(Melin, 1941)
}}
''Ameerega bassleri'', commonly known as the "Pleasing Poison Frog" or simply "bassleri" among hobbyists is a diurnal, semi-arboreal species of poison frog native to mountain forests in the eastern Andes of Peru. <ref name="AMNH">Frost, Darrel R. 2024. [https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php "Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference"] Version 6.2 (November 19, 2024). American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. [http://doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001 doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001] </ref> Renowned for its bumpy skin and vivid black and light green or blue coloration, it is prolific and a popular species among intermediate poison frog hobbyists.

= Description =
Adult ''Ameerega bassleri'' typically measure about 42 mm (1.65 inches) in size.<ref name = "AmphiBIO"> Oliveira, B.F., São-Pedro, V.A., Santos-Barrera, G., Penone, C. & Costa, G.C. (2017). [https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata2017123 "AmphiBIO, a global database for amphibian ecological traits"] Scientific Data, 4:170123. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.123 doi:10.1038/sdata.2017.123] </ref> <ref name = "AmphiBIO figshare"> Oliveira, Brunno Freire; São-Pedro, Vinícius Avelar; Santos-Barrera, Georgina; Penone, Caterina; C. Costa, Gabriel (2017): AmphiBIO_v1. figshare. doi:[https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Oliveira_et_al_AmphiBIO_v1/4644424?file=8828578 10.6084/m9.figshare.4644424.v5] </ref>

Their coloration varies geographically but generally includes vibrant combinations of blue, green, and black. Like other ''Ameerega'', its skin is very bumpy.

==Locales==

* "Saposoa"
* "Sisa" / "Chrome"
* "Yellow"

== Geographical Distribution ==
''Ameerega bassleri'' inhabits mountain forests in the eastern Andes of northern and central Peru. It is a highland species, preferring cooler temperatures and higher humidity, and is typically found between 500-1,100m elevation.<ref name = "Twomey bassleri-trivittata"> Twomey, E., Morales, V. and Summers, K. 2008. [https://nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16676.x "Evaluating condition-specific and asymmetric competition in a species-distribution context"] – Oikos 117: 1175–1184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16676.x </ref>

== Reproduction ==
In the wild, ''Ameerega bassleri'' reproduce year round. Like other species of ''Ameerega'', females lay clutches terrestrially on leaf litter, where they are guarded and tended by the male until they hatch. Once tadpoles emerge from their eggs the male transports them to small pools of water or puddles. The average clutch contains about 17 eggs. <ref name = "Twomey bassleri-trivittata"></ref>

== Diet ==
''Ameerega bassleri'' feed primarily on small arthropods like ants, mites, and springtails. In captivity they primarily consume wingless or flightless fruit flies.

==Calls==
Male ''Ameerega bassleri'' vocalize with short chirping calls to establish territories and attract females.

==Conservation==
Wild populations of ''Ameerega bassleri'' are declining. The species is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN as a result of habitat loss due to coffee plantations, palm plantations, and cattle pastures. <ref name = "IUCN"> IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2018. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/ja/species/55214/89201681#threats ''Ameerega bassleri'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T55214A89201681. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T55214A89201681.en. Accessed on 10 July 2025.</ref>

[[File:Pleasing_Poison_Frog_(Ameerega_bassleri)_geographical_distribution.png|alt=Pleasing Poison Frog (Ameerega bassleri) geographical distribution|thumb|Pleasing Poison Frog (''Ameerega bassleri'') geographic range, IUCN<ref name = "IUCN map">IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Conservation International & NatureServe 2017. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/ja/species/55214/89201681#threats ''Ameerega bassleri'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.</ref>]]

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

File:Pleasing Poison Frog (Ameerega bassleri) geographical distribution.png

2025-07-11T19:01:59Z

Vivipedia: Vivipedia uploaded File:Pleasing Poison Frog (Ameerega bassleri) geographical distribution.png

Pleasing Poison Frog (Ameerega bassleri) geographical distribution

Ameerega bassleri

2025-07-11T19:00:48Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Ameerega bassleri''
|image=[[File:Ameerega_bassleri.jpg|thumb|''Ameerega bassleri'' "Chrome" [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/andes2amazonexpeditions andes2amazonexpeditions]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Ameerega''
|species=''bassleri''
|binomialName=''Ameerega bassleri''
|discovered=(Melin, 1941)
}}
''Ameerega bassleri'', commonly known as the "Pleasing Poison Frog" or simply "bassleri" among hobbyists is a diurnal, semi-arboreal species of poison frog native to mountain forests in the eastern Andes of Peru. <ref name="AMNH">Frost, Darrel R. 2024. [https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php "Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference"] Version 6.2 (November 19, 2024). American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. [http://doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001 doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001] </ref> Renowned for its bumpy skin and vivid black and light green or blue coloration, it is prolific and a popular species among intermediate poison frog hobbyists.

= Description =
Adult ''Ameerega bassleri'' typically measure about 42 mm (1.65 inches) in size.<ref name = "AmphiBIO"> Oliveira, B.F., São-Pedro, V.A., Santos-Barrera, G., Penone, C. & Costa, G.C. (2017). [https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata2017123 "AmphiBIO, a global database for amphibian ecological traits"] Scientific Data, 4:170123. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.123 doi:10.1038/sdata.2017.123] </ref> <ref name = "AmphiBIO figshare"> Oliveira, Brunno Freire; São-Pedro, Vinícius Avelar; Santos-Barrera, Georgina; Penone, Caterina; C. Costa, Gabriel (2017): AmphiBIO_v1. figshare. doi:[https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Oliveira_et_al_AmphiBIO_v1/4644424?file=8828578 10.6084/m9.figshare.4644424.v5] </ref>

Their coloration varies geographically but generally includes vibrant combinations of blue, green, and black. Like other ''Ameerega'', its skin is very bumpy.

==Locales==

* "Saposoa"
* "Sisa" / "Chrome"
* "Yellow"

== Geographical Distribution ==
''Ameerega bassleri'' inhabits mountain forests in the eastern Andes of northern and central Peru. It is a highland species, preferring cooler temperatures and higher humidity, and is typically found between 500-1,100m elevation.<ref name = "Twomey bassleri-trivittata"> Twomey, E., Morales, V. and Summers, K. 2008. [https://nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16676.x "Evaluating condition-specific and asymmetric competition in a species-distribution context"] – Oikos 117: 1175–1184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16676.x </ref>

== Reproduction ==
In the wild, ''Ameerega bassleri'' reproduce year round. Like other species of ''Ameerega'', females lay clutches terrestrially on leaf litter, where they are guarded and tended by the male until they hatch. Once tadpoles emerge from their eggs the male transports them to small pools of water or puddles. The average clutch contains about 17 eggs. <ref name = "Twomey bassleri-trivittata"></ref>

== Diet ==
''Ameerega bassleri'' feed primarily on small arthropods like ants, mites, and springtails. In captivity they primarily consume wingless or flightless fruit flies.

==Calls==
Male ''Ameerega bassleri'' vocalize with short chirping calls to establish territories and attract females.

==Conservation==
Wild populations of ''Ameerega bassleri'' are declining. The species is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN as a result of habitat loss due to coffee plantations, palm plantations, and cattle pastures. <ref name = "IUCN"> IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2018. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/ja/species/55214/89201681#threats ''Ameerega bassleri'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T55214A89201681. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T55214A89201681.en. Accessed on 10 July 2025.</ref>

[[File:Pleasing Poison Frog (Ameerega bassleri) geographical distribution.png|alt=Pleasing Poison Frog (Ameerega bassleri) geographical distribution|thumb|Pleasing Poison Frog (''Ameerega bassleri'') geographic range, IUCN<ref name = "IUCN map">IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Conservation International & NatureServe 2017. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/ja/species/55214/89201681#threats ''Ameerega bassleri'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.</ref>]]

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

File:Ameerega bassleri.jpg

2025-07-11T18:58:16Z

Vivipedia:

== Licensing ==
{{CC BY-NC 4.0}}

Ameerega bassleri

2025-07-11T18:51:25Z

Vivipedia: /* Locales */

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Ameerega bassleri''
|image=
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Ameerega''
|species=''bassleri''
|binomialName=''Ameerega bassleri''
|discovered=(Melin, 1941)
}}
''Ameerega bassleri'', commonly known as the "Pleasing Poison Frog" or simply "bassleri" among hobbyists is a diurnal, semi-arboreal species of poison frog native to mountain forests in the eastern Andes of Peru. <ref name="AMNH">Frost, Darrel R. 2024. [https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php "Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference"] Version 6.2 (November 19, 2024). American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. [http://doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001 doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001] </ref> Renowned for its bumpy skin and vivid black and light green or blue coloration, it is prolific and a popular species among intermediate poison frog hobbyists.

= Description =
Adult ''Ameerega bassleri'' typically measure about 42 mm (1.65 inches) in size.<ref name = "AmphiBIO"> Oliveira, B.F., São-Pedro, V.A., Santos-Barrera, G., Penone, C. & Costa, G.C. (2017). [https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata2017123 "AmphiBIO, a global database for amphibian ecological traits"] Scientific Data, 4:170123. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.123 doi:10.1038/sdata.2017.123] </ref> <ref name = "AmphiBIO figshare"> Oliveira, Brunno Freire; São-Pedro, Vinícius Avelar; Santos-Barrera, Georgina; Penone, Caterina; C. Costa, Gabriel (2017): AmphiBIO_v1. figshare. doi:[https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Oliveira_et_al_AmphiBIO_v1/4644424?file=8828578 10.6084/m9.figshare.4644424.v5] </ref>

Their coloration varies geographically but generally includes vibrant combinations of blue, green, and black. Like other ''Ameerega'', its skin is very bumpy.

==Locales==

* "Saposoa"
* "Sisa" / "Chrome"
* "Yellow"

== Geographical Distribution ==
''Ameerega bassleri'' inhabits mountain forests in the eastern Andes of northern and central Peru. It is a highland species, preferring cooler temperatures and higher humidity, and is typically found between 500-1,100m elevation.<ref name = "Twomey bassleri-trivittata"> Twomey, E., Morales, V. and Summers, K. 2008. [https://nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16676.x "Evaluating condition-specific and asymmetric competition in a species-distribution context"] – Oikos 117: 1175–1184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16676.x </ref>

== Reproduction ==
In the wild, ''Ameerega bassleri'' reproduce year round. Like other species of ''Ameerega'', females lay clutches terrestrially on leaf litter, where they are guarded and tended by the male until they hatch. Once tadpoles emerge from their eggs the male transports them to small pools of water or puddles. The average clutch contains about 17 eggs. <ref name = "Twomey bassleri-trivittata"></ref>

== Diet ==
''Ameerega bassleri'' feed primarily on small arthropods like ants, mites, and springtails. In captivity they primarily consume wingless or flightless fruit flies.

==Calls==
Male ''Ameerega bassleri'' vocalize with short chirping calls to establish territories and attract females.

==Conservation==
Wild populations of ''Ameerega bassleri'' are declining. The species is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN as a result of habitat loss due to coffee plantations, palm plantations, and cattle pastures. <ref name = "IUCN"> IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2018. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/ja/species/55214/89201681#threats ''Ameerega bassleri'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T55214A89201681. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T55214A89201681.en. Accessed on 10 July 2025.</ref>

[[File:Pleasing Poison Frog (Ameerega bassleri) geographical distribution.png|alt=Pleasing Poison Frog (Ameerega bassleri) geographical distribution|thumb|Pleasing Poison Frog (''Ameerega bassleri'') geographic range, IUCN<ref name = "IUCN map">IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Conservation International & NatureServe 2017. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/ja/species/55214/89201681#threats ''Ameerega bassleri'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.</ref>]]

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Ameerega bassleri

2025-07-11T18:50:24Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Ameerega bassleri''
|image=
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Ameerega''
|species=''bassleri''
|binomialName=''Ameerega bassleri''
|discovered=(Melin, 1941)
}}
''Ameerega bassleri'', commonly known as the "Pleasing Poison Frog" or simply "bassleri" among hobbyists is a diurnal, semi-arboreal species of poison frog native to mountain forests in the eastern Andes of Peru. <ref name="AMNH">Frost, Darrel R. 2024. [https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php "Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference"] Version 6.2 (November 19, 2024). American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. [http://doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001 doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001] </ref> Renowned for its bumpy skin and vivid black and light green or blue coloration, it is prolific and a popular species among intermediate poison frog hobbyists.

= Description =
Adult ''Ameerega bassleri'' typically measure about 42 mm (1.65 inches) in size.<ref name = "AmphiBIO"> Oliveira, B.F., São-Pedro, V.A., Santos-Barrera, G., Penone, C. & Costa, G.C. (2017). [https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata2017123 "AmphiBIO, a global database for amphibian ecological traits"] Scientific Data, 4:170123. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.123 doi:10.1038/sdata.2017.123] </ref> <ref name = "AmphiBIO figshare"> Oliveira, Brunno Freire; São-Pedro, Vinícius Avelar; Santos-Barrera, Georgina; Penone, Caterina; C. Costa, Gabriel (2017): AmphiBIO_v1. figshare. doi:[https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Oliveira_et_al_AmphiBIO_v1/4644424?file=8828578 10.6084/m9.figshare.4644424.v5] </ref>

Their coloration varies geographically but generally includes vibrant combinations of blue, green, and black. Like other ''Ameerega'', its skin is very bumpy.

==Locales==
- Saposoa
- Sisa / Chrome
- Yellow

== Geographical Distribution ==
''Ameerega bassleri'' inhabits mountain forests in the eastern Andes of northern and central Peru. It is a highland species, preferring cooler temperatures and higher humidity, and is typically found between 500-1,100m elevation.<ref name = "Twomey bassleri-trivittata"> Twomey, E., Morales, V. and Summers, K. 2008. [https://nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16676.x "Evaluating condition-specific and asymmetric competition in a species-distribution context"] – Oikos 117: 1175–1184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16676.x </ref>

== Reproduction ==
In the wild, ''Ameerega bassleri'' reproduce year round. Like other species of ''Ameerega'', females lay clutches terrestrially on leaf litter, where they are guarded and tended by the male until they hatch. Once tadpoles emerge from their eggs the male transports them to small pools of water or puddles. The average clutch contains about 17 eggs. <ref name = "Twomey bassleri-trivittata"></ref>

== Diet ==
''Ameerega bassleri'' feed primarily on small arthropods like ants, mites, and springtails. In captivity they primarily consume wingless or flightless fruit flies.

==Calls==
Male ''Ameerega bassleri'' vocalize with short chirping calls to establish territories and attract females.

==Conservation==
Wild populations of ''Ameerega bassleri'' are declining. The species is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN as a result of habitat loss due to coffee plantations, palm plantations, and cattle pastures. <ref name = "IUCN"> IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2018. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/ja/species/55214/89201681#threats ''Ameerega bassleri'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T55214A89201681. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T55214A89201681.en. Accessed on 10 July 2025.</ref>

[[File:Pleasing Poison Frog (Ameerega bassleri) geographical distribution.png|alt=Pleasing Poison Frog (Ameerega bassleri) geographical distribution|thumb|Pleasing Poison Frog (''Ameerega bassleri'') geographic range, IUCN<ref name = "IUCN map">IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Conservation International & NatureServe 2017. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/ja/species/55214/89201681#threats ''Ameerega bassleri'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.</ref>]]

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Ameerega bassleri

2025-07-11T01:02:01Z

Vivipedia:

Allobates zaparo

2025-07-07T19:06:22Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Allobates zaparo''
|image=[[File:Allobates zaparo.jpg|thumb|''Allobates zaparo'' [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/charliefrog Charlie Tyson-Taylor]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Aromobatidae''
|genus=''Allobates''
|species=''zaparo''
|binomialName=''Allobates zaparo''
|discovered=(Silverstone, 1976)
}}

Also known as "Zaparo's Poison Frog" and the "Sanguine Poison Frog", ''Allobates zaparo'' is part of the Cryptic Poison Dart Frog family, ''Aromobatidae''.<ref name="AMNH"></ref>

In 1976 it was described by Silverstone as ''Phyllobates zaparo''. It was reclassified as ''Dendrobates zaparo'' in 1978, ''Epipedobates zaparo'' in 1987, and finally ''Allobates zaparo'' in 2003. In literature it was first described as Sanguine Poison-arrow Frog in 1988, Sanguine Poison Frog in 1994, and finally Zaparo's Poison Frog in 1995. <ref name="AMNH">Frost, Darrel R. 2024. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.2 (November 19, 2024). Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. [http://doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001 doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001] </ref>

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species classifies ''Allobates zaparo'' as Least Concern.<ref name="IUCN 2018">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2018. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55039/89198822 ''Allobates zaparo'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T55039A89198822. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T55039A89198822.en. Accessed on 19 November 2024.</ref>

==Behavior==

===Mimicry===
''Allobates zaparo'' is diurnal and aposematic - its markings falsely advertise it as poisonous, an evolutionary tactic known as Batesian mimicry. ''Allobates zaparo'' resembles poison dart frogs of the Family ''Dendrobatidae'' and is believed to mimic ''Ameerega parvula'' and ''[[Ameerega bilinguis]].''

==Appearance==
Unlike the rest of the ''Allobates'' genus, ''Allobates zaparo'' has a red back. Males and females are very similar in size. Males are between 1.06 in. and 1.2 in. while females fall between 1.04 in. and 1.2 in.

==Diet==
The bulk of ''Allobates zaparo'' diet is believed to be ants.<ref>J.C. Santos, L.A. Coloma, D.C. Cannatella 2003. [https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2133521100 "Multiple, recurring origins of aposematism and diet specialization in poison frogs]", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (22) 12792-12797. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2133521100 </ref>

[[File:Map_of_Zaparo's_Poison_Frog_(Allobates_zaparo)_geographical_distribution_in_Ecuador_and_Peru..png|thumb|left|Map of ''Allobates zaparo'' geographic range in Ecuador and Peru<ref>IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Conservation International & NatureServe. 2017. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55039/89198822 ''Allobates zaparo'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.</ref>]]

==Distribution==
''Allobates zaparo'' is endemic to the tropical rainforest in Ecuador and Peru across the drainages of Napo and Pastaza in Ecuador, as well as east of the Andes to southern Cordillera Oriental of Peru where it is found between 200 and 1000 meters above sea level.<ref name="IUCN 2018"></ref>

==Threats==
Zaparo's Poison Frog is threatened from:
*Livestock farming and ranching
*Farming
*Oil and gas drilling
*Mining
*Pollution
*Deforestation
*Development of Pastureland
==Reproduction==
''Allobates zaparo'' deposits its egg clutches in [[leaf litter]] and is territorial over laying sites. Males will guard the eggs until they hatch and carry tadpoles on their backs to bodies of water (like slow-moving streams, log cavities, and puddles) to deposit them.<ref>AmphibiaWeb 2018 [https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1676 ''Allobates zaparo'': Sanguine Poison-arrow Frog] University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed Nov 19, 2024.</ref>
==References==

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Allobates zaparo

2025-07-07T19:06:12Z

Vivipedia:

File:Map of Zaparo's Poison Frog (Allobates zaparo) geographical distribution in Ecuador and Peru..png

2025-07-07T19:05:57Z

Vivipedia: Vivipedia uploaded File:Map of Zaparo's Poison Frog (Allobates zaparo) geographical distribution in Ecuador and Peru..png

Map of Zaparo's Poison Frog (Allobates zaparo) geographical distribution in Ecuador and Peru.

Allobates zaparo

2025-07-07T19:00:33Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Allobates zaparo''
|image=[[File:Allobates zaparo.jpg|thumb|''Allobates zaparo'' [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/charliefrog Charlie Tyson-Taylor]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Aromobatidae''
|genus=''Allobates''
|species=''zaparo''
|binomialName=''Allobates zaparo''
|discovered=(Silverstone, 1976)
}}

Also known as "Zaparo's Poison Frog" and the "Sanguine Poison Frog", ''Allobates zaparo'' is part of the Cryptic Poison Dart Frog family, ''Aromobatidae''.<ref name="AMNH"></ref>

In 1976 it was described by Silverstone as ''Phyllobates zaparo''. It was reclassified as ''Dendrobates zaparo'' in 1978, ''Epipedobates zaparo'' in 1987, and finally ''Allobates zaparo'' in 2003. In literature it was first described as Sanguine Poison-arrow Frog in 1988, Sanguine Poison Frog in 1994, and finally Zaparo's Poison Frog in 1995. <ref name="AMNH">Frost, Darrel R. 2024. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.2 (November 19, 2024). Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. [http://doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001 doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001] </ref>
[[File:Map of Zaparo's Poison Frog (Allobates zaparo) geographical distribution in Ecuador and Peru..png|thumb|left|Map of ''Allobates zaparo'' geographic range in Ecuador and Peru<ref>IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Conservation International & NatureServe. 2017. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55039/89198822 ''Allobates zaparo'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.</ref>]]
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species classifies ''Allobates zaparo'' as Least Concern.<ref name="IUCN 2018">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2018. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55039/89198822 ''Allobates zaparo'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T55039A89198822. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T55039A89198822.en. Accessed on 19 November 2024.</ref>
==Behavior==
===Mimicry===
''Allobates zaparo'' is diurnal and aposematic - its markings falsely advertise it as poisonous, an evolutionary tactic known as Batesian mimicry. ''Allobates zaparo'' resembles poison dart frogs of the Family ''Dendrobatidae'' and is believed to mimic ''Ameerega parvula'' and ''[[Ameerega bilinguis]].''

==Appearance==
Unlike the rest of the ''Allobates'' genus, ''Allobates zaparo'' has a red back. Males and females are very similar in size. Males are between 1.06 in. and 1.2 in. while females fall between 1.04 in. and 1.2 in.

==Diet==
The bulk of ''Allobates zaparo'' diet is believed to be ants.<ref>J.C. Santos, L.A. Coloma, D.C. Cannatella 2003. [https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2133521100 "Multiple, recurring origins of aposematism and diet specialization in poison frogs]", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (22) 12792-12797. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2133521100 </ref>
==Habitat==
Its natural habitat is the tropical rainforest in Ecuador and Peru across the drainages of Napo and Pastaza in Ecuador, as well as east of the Andes to southern Cordillera Oriental of Peru where it is found between 200 and 1000 meters above sea level.<ref name="IUCN 2018"></ref>
==Threats==
Zaparo's Poison Frog is threatened from:
*Livestock farming and ranching
*Farming
*Oil and gas drilling
*Mining
*Pollution
*Deforestation
*Development of Pastureland
==Reproduction==
''Allobates zaparo'' deposits its egg clutches in [[leaf litter]] and is territorial over laying sites. Males will guard the eggs until they hatch and carry tadpoles on their backs to bodies of water (like slow-moving streams, log cavities, and puddles) to deposit them.<ref>AmphibiaWeb 2018 [https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1676 ''Allobates zaparo'': Sanguine Poison-arrow Frog] University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed Nov 19, 2024.</ref>
==References==

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Allobates zaparo

2025-07-07T18:58:10Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Allobates zaparo''
|image=[[File:Allobates zaparo.jpg|thumb|''Allobates zaparo'' [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/charliefrog Charlie Tyson-Taylor]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Aromobatidae''
|genus=''Allobates''
|species=''zaparo''
|binomialName=''Allobates zaparo''
|discovered=(Silverstone, 1976)
}}

Also known as "Zaparo's Poison Frog" and the "Sanguine Poison Frog", ''Allobates zaparo'' is part of the Cryptic Poison Dart Frog family, ''Aromobatidae''.<ref name="AMNH"></ref>

In 1976 it was described by Silverstone as ''Phyllobates zaparo''. It was reclassified as ''Dendrobates zaparo'' in 1978, ''Epipedobates zaparo'' in 1987, and finally ''Allobates zaparo'' in 2003. In literature it was first described as Sanguine Poison-arrow Frog in 1988, Sanguine Poison Frog in 1994, and finally Zaparo's Poison Frog in 1995. <ref name="AMNH">Frost, Darrel R. 2024. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.2 (November 19, 2024). Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. [http://doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001 doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001] </ref>
[[File:Map of Zaparo's Poison Frog (Allobates zaparo) geographical distribution in Ecuador and Peru..png|thumb|left|Map of ''Allobates zaparo'' geographic range in Ecuador and Peru<ref name="IUCN 2018">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2018. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55039/89198822 ''Allobates zaparo'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T55039A89198822. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T55039A89198822.en. Accessed on 19 November 2024.</ref>]]
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species classifies ''Allobates zaparo'' as Least Concern.<ref name="IUCN 2018"></ref>
==Behavior==
===Mimicry===
''Allobates zaparo'' is diurnal and aposematic - its markings falsely advertise it as poisonous, an evolutionary tactic known as Batesian mimicry. ''Allobates zaparo'' resembles poison dart frogs of the Family ''Dendrobatidae'' and is believed to mimic ''Ameerega parvula'' and ''[[Ameerega bilinguis]].''

==Appearance==
Unlike the rest of the ''Allobates'' genus, ''Allobates zaparo'' has a red back. Males and females are very similar in size. Males are between 1.06 in. and 1.2 in. while females fall between 1.04 in. and 1.2 in.

==Diet==
The bulk of ''Allobates zaparo'' diet is believed to be ants.<ref>J.C. Santos, L.A. Coloma, D.C. Cannatella 2003. M[https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2133521100 ultiple, recurring origins of aposematism and diet specialization in poison frogs], Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (22) 12792-12797. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2133521100 </ref>
==Habitat==
Its natural habitat is the tropical rainforest in Ecuador and Peru across the drainages of Napo and Pastaza in Ecuador, as well as east of the Andes to southern Cordillera Oriental of Peru where it is found between 200 and 1000 meters above sea level.<ref name="IUCN 2018"></ref>
==Threats==
Zaparo's Poison Frog is threatened from:
*Livestock farming and ranching
*Farming
*Oil and gas drilling
*Mining
*Pollution
*Deforestation
*Development of Pastureland
==Reproduction==
''Allobates zaparo'' deposits its egg clutches in [[leaf litter]] and is territorial over laying sites. Males will guard the eggs until they hatch and carry tadpoles on their backs to bodies of water (like slow-moving streams, log cavities, and puddles) to deposit them.<ref>AmphibiaWeb 2018 [https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1676 ''Allobates zaparo'': Sanguine Poison-arrow Frog] University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed Nov 19, 2024.</ref>
==References==

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Allobates zaparo

2025-07-07T18:11:05Z

Vivipedia: /* Appearance */

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Allobates zaparo''
|image=[[File:Allobates zaparo.jpg|thumb|''Allobates zaparo'' [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/charliefrog Charlie Tyson-Taylor]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Aromobatidae''
|genus=''Allobates''
|species=''zaparo''
|binomialName=''Allobates zaparo''
|discovered=(Silverstone, 1976)
}}

Also known as "Zaparo's Poison Frog" and the "Sanguine Poison Frog", ''Allobates zaparo'' is part of the Cryptic Poison Dart Frog family, ''Aromobatidae''.<ref name="AMNH"></ref>

In 1976 it was described by Silverstone as ''Phyllobates zaparo''. It was reclassified as ''Dendrobates zaparo'' in 1978, ''Epipedobates zaparo'' in 1987, and finally ''Allobates zaparo'' in 2003. In literature it was first described as Sanguine Poison-arrow Frog in 1988, Sanguine Poison Frog in 1994, and finally Zaparo's Poison Frog in 1995. <ref name="AMNH">Frost, Darrel R. 2024. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.2 (November 19, 2024). Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. [http://doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001 doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001] </ref>
[[File:Map of Zaparo's Poison Frog (Allobates zaparo) geographical distribution in Ecuador and Peru..png|thumb|Map of ''Allobates zaparo'' geographic range in Ecuador and Peru<ref name="IUCN 2018">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2018. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55039/89198822 ''Allobates zaparo'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T55039A89198822. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T55039A89198822.en. Accessed on 19 November 2024.</ref>]]
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species classifies ''Allobates zaparo'' as Least Concern.<ref name="IUCN 2018"></ref>
==Behavior==
===Mimicry===
''Allobates zaparo'' is diurnal and aposematic - its markings falsely advertise it as poisonous, an evolutionary tactic known as Batesian mimicry. ''Allobates zaparo'' resembles poison dart frogs of the Family ''Dendrobatidae'' and is believed to mimic ''Ameerega parvula'' and ''[[Ameerega bilinguis]].''

==Appearance==
Unlike the rest of the ''Allobates'' genus, ''Allobates zaparo'' has a red back. Males and females are very similar in size. Males are between 1.06 in. and 1.2 in. while females fall between 1.04 in. and 1.2 in.

==Diet==
The bulk of ''Allobates zaparo'' diet is believed to be ants.<ref>J.C. Santos, L.A. Coloma, D.C. Cannatella 2003. M[https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2133521100 ultiple, recurring origins of aposematism and diet specialization in poison frogs], Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (22) 12792-12797. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2133521100 </ref>
==Habitat==
Its natural habitat is the tropical rainforest in Ecuador and Peru across the drainages of Napo and Pastaza in Ecuador, as well as east of the Andes to southern Cordillera Oriental of Peru where it is found between 200 and 1000 meters above sea level.<ref name="IUCN 2018"></ref>
==Threats==
Zaparo's Poison Frog is threatened from:
*Livestock farming and ranching
*Farming
*Oil and gas drilling
*Mining
*Pollution
*Deforestation
*Development of Pastureland
==Reproduction==
''Allobates zaparo'' deposits its egg clutches in [[leaf litter]] and is territorial over laying sites. Males will guard the eggs until they hatch and carry tadpoles on their backs to bodies of water (like slow-moving streams, log cavities, and puddles) to deposit them.<ref>AmphibiaWeb 2018 [https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1676 ''Allobates zaparo'': Sanguine Poison-arrow Frog] University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed Nov 19, 2024.</ref>
==References==

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Adelphobates quinquevittatus

2025-07-07T17:59:54Z

Vivipedia:

Also known as the "Rio Madeira Poison Frog", ''Adelphobates quinquevittatus'' is a small, terrestrial species endemic to the the Madeira River Basin in Brazil.

The IUCN classifies ''Adelphobates quinquevittatus'' as Least Concern (LC) based on the most recent assessment for the species in 2021.<ref name="IUCN 2023">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2023. ''[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55197/89201174 Adelphobates quinquevittatus]''. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T55197A89201174. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55197A89201174.en. Accessed on 13 June 2024.</ref>

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Adelphobates quinquevittatus''
|image=[[File:Adelphobates_quinquevittatus.jpg|thumb|''Adelphobates quinquevittatus'' [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/ccostah Henrique C. Costa]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Adelphobates''
|species=''quinquevittatus''
|binomialName=''Adelphobates quinquevittatus''
|discovered=(Steindachner, 1864)
}}

= Description =
Adult ''Adelphobates quinquevittatus'' are about 0.8 inches (20 mm) in length. ''Adelphobates quinquevittatus'' have a black body with five light blue, green, or yellow narrow lines running from nose to vent. Limbs are a dull orange with black spots.

Like other Adelphobates, ''Adelphobates quinquevittatus'' utilizes water-filled parts of plants and fruit husks on or near the forest floor for tadpole deposition. <ref>Caldwell, JP & Myers, CW. 1990. [https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/items/a2b9865e-ed1f-4e97-9a9d-a1c151728604 "A new poison frog from Amazonian Brazil: with further revision of the ''quinquevittatus'' Group of ''Dendrobates''"]. Am Mus Novit No.: 2988. http://hdl.handle.net/2246/5075</ref>

[[File:Rio_Madeira_Poison_Frog_(Adelphobates_quinquevittatus)_geographic_range.png|alt=Rio Madeira Poison Frog (Adelphobates quinquevittatus) geographic range - IUCN|thumb|left|''Adelphobates quinquevittatus'' geographic range, IUCN<ref >IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Conservation International & NatureServe. 2021. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55197/89201174 ''Adelphobates quinquevittatus'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.</ref>]]
= Geographical Distribution =
While the full range of ''Adelphobates quinquevittatus'' is not well documented, the species is known to inhabit the Madeira River Basin in Brazil. Its range is believed to extend into Bolivia, though this has not been confirmed.<ref>Köhler, J. 2000. [https://archive.org/details/bonner-zoologische-monographien-48-0001-0243 "Amphibian diversity in Bolivia: a study with special reference to montane forest regions"] (No. 48). Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig.</ref>

== Conservation ==
''The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species'' lists ''Adelphobates quinquevittatus'' as Least Concern (LC). This species is uncommon but established in captivity in the United States.<ref name="IUCN 2023">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2023. ''[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55197/89201174 Adelphobates quinquevittatus]''. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T55197A89201174. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55197A89201174.en. Accessed on 13 June 2024.</ref>

== Threats ==
Forest conversion, the use of fire, logging, mining, and hydroelectric development are all threats to this species. Although this species may be potentially threatened by trade, it is currently not possible to determine whether or not individuals being traded are captive-bred or wild-caught (or, if they are wild-caught, whether or not this species is being over-harvested).

== References ==
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

File:Rio Madeira Poison Frog (Adelphobates quinquevittatus) geographic range.png

2025-07-07T17:58:38Z

Vivipedia: Vivipedia uploaded File:Rio Madeira Poison Frog (Adelphobates quinquevittatus) geographic range.png

Rio Madeira Poison Frog (Adelphobates quinquevittatus) geographic range

File:Adelphobates quinquevittatus.jpg

2025-07-07T17:52:52Z

Vivipedia: Vivipedia uploaded File:Adelphobates quinquevittatus.jpg

== Licensing ==
{{CC BY-NC 4.0}}

Adelphobates galactonotus

2025-07-07T17:42:36Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Adelphobates galactonotus''
|image=[[File:Adelphobates_galactonotus.jpeg|thumb|''Adelphobates galactonotus'' [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/marco_sena Marco Aurelio de Sena]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Adelphobates''
|species=''galactonotus''
|binomialName=''Adelphobates galactonotus''
|discovered=(Steindachner, 1864)
}}
Also known as the "Splashback Poison Frog" or "''galacts''", ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' is a terrestrial poison frog endemic to Brazil.

The IUCN classifies ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' as Least Concern (LC) based on the most recent assessment for the species in 2021.<ref name="IUCN 2023">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group & Instituto Boitatá de Etnobiologia e Conservação da Fauna. 2023. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55185/173863084 ''Adelphobates galactonotus'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T55185A173863084. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55185A173863084.en. Accessed on 18 November 2024.</ref>

= Description =
Adult ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' reach up to 1.7 inches (42 mm) in size, making them the largest ''Adelphobates'' kept in captivity. Adult frogs occur in a variety of colors, including black, light blue, red, orange, yellow, cream and white - with or without black spots. Most individuals are uniformly black on their underside and show variation in the amount of coloration on their backs.<ref name="Hoogmoed 2012">Hoogmoed, M. S., & Avila, T. C. A. P. C. (2012). [https://revistas.usp.br/phyllo/article/view/49560 "Inventory of color polymorphism in populations of Dendrobates galactonotus (Anura: Dendrobatidae), a poison frog endemic to Brazil".] Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology, 11(2), 95-115. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v11i2p95-115</ref>

=Locales=
* Blue
* Koi (has not been observed in the wild)
* Moonshine (has not been observed in the wild)
* Orange
** Solid Orange
** 95% Orange
** 75% Orange
* Red
* Yellow

[[File:Splash-backed_Poison_Frog_(Adelphobates_galactonotus)_geographical_distribution.png|thumb|left|''Adelphobates galactonotus'' geographic range<ref>IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) 2021. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55185/173863084 ''Adelphobates galactonotus'']]. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.</ref>]]
= Geographical Distribution =
''Adelphobates galactonotus'' occur in rainforest wetlands between the Amazon and Tapajós rivers in the Brazilian states of Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, and Tocantins.<ref name="Hoogmoed 2012">Hoogmoed, M. S., & Avila, T. C. A. P. C. (2012). [https://revistas.usp.br/phyllo/article/view/49560 "Inventory of color polymorphism in populations of Dendrobates galactonotus (Anura: Dendrobatidae), a poison frog endemic to Brazil".] Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology, 11(2), 95-115. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v11i2p95-115</ref>
=Conservation=
Despite the IUCN classification of Least Concern (LC), ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' have been frequent victims of illegal smuggling in recent history. Localized threats include deforestation caused by agriculture and logging, hydroelectric projects, gold mining, and the illegal pet trade.

Notably, all captive specimens in Europe, the United States, and Japan stem from illegal exports, as no legal export has ever been logged to the [https://trade.cites.org/ CITES Trade Database].
==Threats==
* Agriculture & aquaculture
* Hunting & trapping
* Logging & wood harvesting
* Mining & quarrying
* Dams and water management

=References=

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Adelphobates galactonotus

2025-07-07T17:39:18Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Adelphobates galactonotus''
|image=[[File:Adelphobates_galactonotus.jpeg|thumb|''Adelphobates galactonotus'' [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/marco_sena Marco Aurelio de Sena]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Adelphobates''
|species=''galactonotus''
|binomialName=''Adelphobates galactonotus''
|discovered=(Steindachner, 1864)
}}
Also known as the "Splashback Poison Frog" or "''galacts''", ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' is a terrestrial poison frog endemic to Brazil.

The IUCN classifies ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' as Least Concern (LC) based on the most recent assessment for the species in 2021.<ref name="IUCN 2023">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group & Instituto Boitatá de Etnobiologia e Conservação da Fauna. 2023. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55185/173863084 ''Adelphobates galactonotus'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T55185A173863084. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55185A173863084.en. Accessed on 18 November 2024.</ref>

= Description =
Adult ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' reach up to 1.7 inches (42 mm) in size, making them the largest ''Adelphobates'' kept in captivity. Adult frogs occur in a variety of colors, including black, light blue, red, orange, yellow, cream and white - with or without black spots. Most individuals are uniformly black on their underside and show variation in the amount of coloration on their backs.<ref name="Hoogmoed 2012">Hoogmoed, M. S., & Avila, T. C. A. P. C. (2012). [https://revistas.usp.br/phyllo/article/view/49560 Inventory of color polymorphism in populations of Dendrobates galactonotus (Anura: Dendrobatidae), a poison frog endemic to Brazil.] Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology, 11(2), 95-115. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v11i2p95-115</ref>

=Locales=
* Blue
* Koi (has not been observed in the wild)
* Moonshine (has not been observed in the wild)
* Orange
** Solid Orange
** 95% Orange
** 75% Orange
* Red
* Yellow

[[File:Splash-backed_Poison_Frog_(Adelphobates_galactonotus)_geographical_distribution.png|thumb|left|''Adelphobates galactonotus'' geographic range<ref name="IUCN 2023"></ref>]]
= Geographical Distribution =
''Adelphobates galactonotus'' occur in rainforest wetlands between the Amazon and Tapajós rivers in the Brazilian states of Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, and Tocantins.<ref name="Hoogmoed 2012">Hoogmoed, M. S., & Avila, T. C. A. P. C. (2012). [https://revistas.usp.br/phyllo/article/view/49560 Inventory of color polymorphism in populations of Dendrobates galactonotus (Anura: Dendrobatidae), a poison frog endemic to Brazil.] Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology, 11(2), 95-115. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v11i2p95-115</ref>

=Conservation=
Despite the IUCN classification of Least Concern (LC), ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' have been frequent victims of illegal smuggling in recent history. Localized threats include deforestation caused by agriculture and logging, hydroelectric projects, gold mining, and the illegal pet trade.

Notably, all captive specimens in Europe, the United States, and Japan stem from illegal exports, as no legal export has ever been logged to the [https://trade.cites.org/ CITES Trade Database].
==Threats==
* Agriculture & aquaculture
* Hunting & trapping
* Logging & wood harvesting
* Mining & quarrying
* Dams and water management

=References=

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Adelphobates galactonotus

2025-07-07T17:38:36Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Adelphobates galactonotus''
|image=[[File:Adelphobates_galactonotus.jpeg|thumb|''Adelphobates galactonotus'' [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/marco_sena Marco Aurelio de Sena]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Adelphobates''
|species=''galactonotus''
|binomialName=''Adelphobates galactonotus''
|discovered=(Steindachner, 1864)
}}
Also known as the "Splashback Poison Frog" or "''galacts''", ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' is a terrestrial poison frog endemic to Brazil.

The IUCN classifies ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' as Least Concern (LC) based on the most recent assessment for the species in 2021.<ref name="IUCN 2023">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group & Instituto Boitatá de Etnobiologia e Conservação da Fauna. 2023. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55185/173863084 ''Adelphobates galactonotus'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T55185A173863084. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55185A173863084.en. Accessed on 18 November 2024.</ref>

= Description =
Adult ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' reach up to 1.7 inches (42 mm) in size, making them the largest ''Adelphobates'' kept in captivity. Adult frogs occur in a variety of colors, including black, light blue, red, orange, yellow, cream and white - with or without black spots. Most individuals are uniformly black on their underside and show variation in the amount of coloration on their backs.<ref name="Hoogmoed 2012">Hoogmoed, M. S., & Avila, T. C. A. P. C. (2012). [https://revistas.usp.br/phyllo/article/view/49560 Inventory of color polymorphism in populations of Dendrobates galactonotus (Anura: Dendrobatidae), a poison frog endemic to Brazil.] Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology, 11(2), 95-115. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v11i2p95-115</ref>

=Locales=
* Blue
* Koi (has not been observed in the wild)
* Moonshine (has not been observed in the wild)
* Orange
** Solid Orange
** 95% Orange
** 75% Orange
* Red
* Yellow

[[File:Splash-backed_Poison_Frog_(Adelphobates_galactonotus)_geographical_distribution.png|thumb|left|''Adelphobates galactonotus'' geographic range<ref name="IUCN 2023"></ref>]]

= Geographical Distribution =
''Adelphobates galactonotus'' occur in rainforest wetlands between the Amazon and Tapajós rivers in the Brazilian states of Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, and Tocantins.<ref name="Hoogmoed 2012">Hoogmoed, M. S., & Avila, T. C. A. P. C. (2012). [https://revistas.usp.br/phyllo/article/view/49560 Inventory of color polymorphism in populations of Dendrobates galactonotus (Anura: Dendrobatidae), a poison frog endemic to Brazil.] Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology, 11(2), 95-115. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v11i2p95-115</ref>

=Conservation=
Despite the IUCN classification of Least Concern (LC), ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' have been frequent victims of illegal smuggling in recent history. Localized threats include deforestation caused by agriculture and logging, hydroelectric projects, gold mining, and the illegal pet trade.

Notably, all captive specimens in Europe, the United States, and Japan stem from illegal exports, as no legal export has ever been logged to the [https://trade.cites.org/ CITES Trade Database].
==Threats==
* Agriculture & aquaculture
* Hunting & trapping
* Logging & wood harvesting
* Mining & quarrying
* Dams and water management

=References=

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

File:Splash-backed Poison Frog (Adelphobates galactonotus) geographical distribution.png

2025-07-07T17:38:10Z

Vivipedia: Vivipedia uploaded File:Splash-backed Poison Frog (Adelphobates galactonotus) geographical distribution.png

Splash-backed Poison Frog (Adelphobates galactonotus) geographical distribution

Adelphobates galactonotus

2025-07-07T17:34:04Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Adelphobates galactonotus''
|image=[[File:Adelphobates_galactonotus.jpeg|thumb|''Adelphobates galactonotus'' [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/marco_sena Marco Aurelio de Sena]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Adelphobates''
|species=''galactonotus''
|binomialName=''Adelphobates galactonotus''
|discovered=(Steindachner, 1864)
}}
Also known as the "Splashback Poison Frog" or "''galacts''", ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' is a terrestrial poison frog endemic to Brazil.

The IUCN classifies ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' as Least Concern (LC) based on the most recent assessment for the species in 2021.<ref name="IUCN 2023">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group & Instituto Boitatá de Etnobiologia e Conservação da Fauna. 2023. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55185/173863084 ''Adelphobates galactonotus'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T55185A173863084. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55185A173863084.en. Accessed on 18 November 2024.</ref>

= Description =
Adult ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' reach up to 1.7 inches (42 mm) in size, making them the largest ''Adelphobates'' kept in captivity. Adult frogs occur in a variety of colors, including black, light blue, red, orange, yellow, cream and white - with or without black spots. Most individuals are uniformly black on their underside and show variation in the amount of coloration on their backs.<ref name="Hoogmoed 2012">Hoogmoed, M. S., & Avila, T. C. A. P. C. (2012). [https://revistas.usp.br/phyllo/article/view/49560 Inventory of color polymorphism in populations of Dendrobates galactonotus (Anura: Dendrobatidae), a poison frog endemic to Brazil.] Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology, 11(2), 95-115. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v11i2p95-115</ref>

=Locales=
* Blue
* Koi (has not been observed in the wild)
* Moonshine (has not been observed in the wild)
* Orange
** Solid Orange
** 95% Orange
** 75% Orange
* Red
* Yellow

= Geographical Distribution =
''Adelphobates galactonotus'' occur in rainforest wetlands between the Amazon and Tapajós rivers in the Brazilian states of Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, and Tocantins.<ref name="Hoogmoed 2012">Hoogmoed, M. S., & Avila, T. C. A. P. C. (2012). [https://revistas.usp.br/phyllo/article/view/49560 Inventory of color polymorphism in populations of Dendrobates galactonotus (Anura: Dendrobatidae), a poison frog endemic to Brazil.] Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology, 11(2), 95-115. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v11i2p95-115</ref>

[[File:Splash-backed Poison Frog (Adelphobates galactonotus) geographical distribution.png|thumb|''Adelphobates galactonotus'' geographic range<ref name="IUCN 2023"></ref>]]

=Conservation=
Despite the IUCN classification of Least Concern (LC), ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' have been frequent victims of illegal smuggling in recent history. Localized threats include deforestation caused by agriculture and logging, hydroelectric projects, gold mining, and the illegal pet trade.

Notably, all captive specimens in Europe, the United States, and Japan stem from illegal exports, as no legal export has ever been logged to the [https://trade.cites.org/ CITES Trade Database].
==Threats==
* Agriculture & aquaculture
* Hunting & trapping
* Logging & wood harvesting
* Mining & quarrying
* Dams and water management

=References=

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Adelphobates galactonotus

2025-07-07T17:33:34Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Adelphobates galactonotus''
|image=[[File:Adelphobates_galactonotus.jpeg|thumb|''Adelphobates galactonotus'' [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/marco_sena Marco Aurelio de Sena]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Adelphobates''
|species=''galactonotus''
|binomialName=''Adelphobates galactonotus''
|discovered=(Steindachner, 1864)
}}
Also known as the "Splashback Poison Frog" or "''galacts''", ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' is a terrestrial poison frog endemic to Brazil.

The IUCN classifies ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' as Least Concern (LC) based on the most recent assessment for the species in 2021.<ref name="IUCN 2023">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group & Instituto Boitatá de Etnobiologia e Conservação da Fauna. 2023. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55185/173863084 ''Adelphobates galactonotus'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T55185A173863084. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55185A173863084.en. Accessed on 18 November 2024.</ref>

= Description =
Adult ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' reach up to 1.7 inches (42 mm) in size, making them the largest ''Adelphobates'' kept in captivity. Adult frogs occur in a variety of colors, including black, light blue, red, orange, yellow, cream and white - with or without black spots. Most individuals are uniformly black on their underside and show variation in the amount of coloration on their backs.<ref name="Hoogmoed 2012">Hoogmoed, M. S., & Avila, T. C. A. P. C. (2012). [https://revistas.usp.br/phyllo/article/view/49560 Inventory of color polymorphism in populations of Dendrobates galactonotus (Anura: Dendrobatidae), a poison frog endemic to Brazil.] Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology, 11(2), 95-115. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v11i2p95-115</ref>

=Locales=
* Blue
* Koi (has not been observed in the wild)
* Moonshine (has not been observed in the wild)
* Orange
** Solid Orange
** 95% Orange
** 75% Orange
* Red
* Yellow

= Geographical Distribution =
''Adelphobates galactonotus'' occur in rainforest wetlands between the Amazon and Tapajós rivers in the Brazilian states of Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, and Tocantins.<ref name="Hoogmoed 2012">Hoogmoed, M. S., & Avila, T. C. A. P. C. (2012). [https://revistas.usp.br/phyllo/article/view/49560 Inventory of color polymorphism in populations of Dendrobates galactonotus (Anura: Dendrobatidae), a poison frog endemic to Brazil.] Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology, 11(2), 95-115. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v11i2p95-115</ref>

[[File:Splash-backed Poison Frog (Adelphobates galactonotus) geographical distribution.png|thumb|''Adelphobates galactonotus'' geographic range<ref name="IUCN 2023"></ref>]]

=Conservation=
Despite the IUCN classification of Least Concern (LC), ''Adelphobates galactonotus'' have been frequent victims of illegal smuggling in recent history. Localized threats include deforestation caused by agriculture and logging, hydroelectric projects, gold mining, and the illegal pet trade.

Notably, all captive specimens in Europe, the United States, and Japan stem from illegal exports, as no legal export has ever been logged to the [https://trade.cites.org/ CITES Trade Database].
==Threats===
* Agriculture & aquaculture
* Hunting & trapping
* Logging & wood harvesting
* Mining & quarrying
* Dams and water management

=References=

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

File:Adelphobates galactonotus.jpeg

2025-07-07T17:33:14Z

Vivipedia: Vivipedia uploaded File:Adelphobates galactonotus.jpeg

== Licensing ==
{{CC BY-NC 4.0}}

Dendrobates leucomelas

2025-07-06T21:14:08Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Dendrobates leucomelas''
|image=[[File:Yellow-headed_Poison_Dart_Frog_Dendrobates_leucomelas2.jpg|thumb|''Dendrobates leucomelas'' "Nominant-Standard" [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/josh_vandermeulen Josh Vandermeulen]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Dendrobates''
|species=''leucomelas''
|binomialName=''Dendrobates leucomelas''
|discovered=(Steindachner, 1864)
}}
Also known as "Leucs", "Bumblebee Poison Dart Frogs", "Yellow-headed Poison Frogs", and "Yellow-banded Dart Frogs", ''Dendrobates leucomelas'' is a diurnal, semi-arboreal species endemic to the northern-most region of Brazil, as well as Colombia, Guyana, and Venezuela.

Its species name combines "leuco-" (meaning "white") with "-melas" (meaning black or dark). This misnomer is rumored to have resulted from the white and black appearance of museum specimens which lost their yellow pigmentation when preserved in alcohol, though may also simply refer to the typical pattern of alternating yellow and black bands.

The IUCN classifies ''Dendrobates leucomelas'' as Least Concern (LC). Wild populations have a wide distribution and are considered stable. The species is also notably tolerant of habitat modification.<ref name="IUCN">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2023. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55191/61395501 ''Dendrobates leucomelas'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T55191A61395501. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55191A61395501.en. Accessed May 6, 2024.</ref>

= Description =
Adults typically reach 1.22 - 1.50 inches (31-38 mm) in size. Adult frogs are black with three yellow crossbands which may appear in hues of bright yellow, yellow-orange, or orange. Black spots and blotches are often distributed throughout their back and limbs. Tadpoles are long and entirely black. ''Dendrobates leucomelas'' are the only Dendrobatid that is known to estivate. <ref name="Amphibiaweb">[https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1638 AmphibiaWeb 2022 ''Dendrobates leucomelas'']: Yellow-headed Poison Frog https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1638 University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 6, 2024.</ref>

==Locales==
* "Nominant-Standard" / "Nominant" / "Standard"
[[File:StandardLeuc.png|thumb|''Dendrobates leucomelas'' "Nominant-Standard" [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/josh_vandermeulen Josh Vandermeulen]|none]]
* "Banded"
* Cerro Autana "Blue foot"
[[File:CerroAutana_bluefoot.jpeg|thumb|''Dendrobates leucomelas'' Cerro Autana "Blue foot" [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/nicflanagan Nicola Flanagan]|none]]
* "Fine Spot"
[[File:LeucFinespot2.jpg|thumb|Yellow-headed Poison Dart Frog ''Dendrobates leucomelas'' [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/gchavarri Gerardo Chavarri]|none]]
* "Clown"

[[File:Yellow-Banded_Poison_Dart_Frog_(Dendrobates_leucomelas).png|alt=Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Frog (''Dendrobates leucomelas'') geographical distribution|thumb|left||Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Frog (''Dendrobates leucomelas'') geographic range, IUCN<ref>IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) 2021. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55191/61395501 ''Dendrobates leucomelas'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.</ref>]]
== Geographical Distribution ==
This species occurs in tropical forests and wetlands from the Guianan Orinoco drainage of Venezuela north to the Río Orinoco (in Bolívar, Amazonas and Delta Amacuro States), east into Guyana to the Essequibo River, south into extreme northern Brazil (Roraima State), and west into eastern Amazonian Colombia. It possibly also occurs in Amazonas State, Brazil. It has been recorded from sea level up to 1,600 feet (500 m) above sea level.<ref name="Amphibiaweb">[https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1638 AmphibiaWeb 2022 ''Dendrobates leucomelas'']: Yellow-headed Poison Frog https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1638 University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 6, 2024.</ref>

== Reproduction ==
Male ''D. leucomelas'' will call near a laying site to attract a female. Eggs are deposited on moist, terrestrial sites (like damp leaf litter) and guarded by the male, who rotates them to maintain oxygen levels until they hatch. At that time, the tadpoles are carried on the father's back to small pools of water where they continue development.<ref name="Amphibiaweb">[https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1638 AmphibiaWeb 2022 ''Dendrobates leucomelas'']: Yellow-headed Poison Frog https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1638 University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 6, 2024.</ref>

== Diet ==
''D. leucomelas'' have been observed eating ants and termites on plants, forest floor, and rock walls.

== Calls ==
Male ''D. leucomelas'' will establish calling sites and emit a "chirp, buzz, trill, and hum" to get female's attention.<ref>Walls, J. G. (1994). Jewels of the Rainforest: Poison Frogs of the Family Dendrobatidae. J.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey.</ref>

== Conservation ==
''D. leucomelas'' wild distribution is widespread. The species is numerous in captivity and is readily available in the pet trade.

=== Threats ===
* Agriculture
* Aquaculture
* Logging & wood harvesting
* Collection for use in pet trade
* Wildfires

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

File:Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates leucomelas).png

2025-07-06T21:10:38Z

Vivipedia: Vivipedia uploaded File:Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates leucomelas).png

Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates leucomelas)

Dendrobates leucomelas

2025-07-06T21:04:54Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Dendrobates leucomelas''
|image=[[File:Yellow-headed_Poison_Dart_Frog_Dendrobates_leucomelas2.jpg|thumb|''Dendrobates leucomelas'' "Nominant-Standard" [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/josh_vandermeulen Josh Vandermeulen]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Dendrobates''
|species=''leucomelas''
|binomialName=''Dendrobates leucomelas''
|discovered=(Steindachner, 1864)
}}
Also known as "Leucs", "Bumblebee Poison Dart Frogs", "Yellow-headed Poison Frogs", and "Yellow-banded Dart Frogs", ''Dendrobates leucomelas'' is a diurnal, semi-arboreal species endemic to the northern-most region of Brazil, as well as Colombia, Guyana, and Venezuela.

Its species name combines "leuco-" (meaning "white") with "-melas" (meaning black or dark). This misnomer is rumored to have resulted from the white and black appearance of museum specimens which lost their yellow pigmentation when preserved in alcohol, though may also simply refer to the typical pattern of alternating yellow and black bands. <ref>https://dwazoo.com/species/leucomelas/</ref>

The IUCN classifies ''Dendrobates leucomelas'' as Least Concern (LC). Wild populations have a wide distribution and are considered stable. The species is also notably tolerant of habitat modification.<ref name=":0">Dendrobates leucomelas, IUCN Red List - https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55191/61395501</ref>

= Description =
Adults typically reach 1.22 - 1.50 inches (31-38 mm) in size. Adult frogs are black with three yellow crossbands which may appear in hues of bright yellow, yellow-orange, or orange. Black spots and blotches are often distributed throughout their back and limbs. Tadpoles are long and entirely black. ''Dendrobates leucomelas'' are the only Dendrobatid that is known to estivate. <ref>AmphibiaWeb 2022 Dendrobates leucomelas: Yellow-headed Poison Frog <https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1638> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 6, 2024.</ref>

==Locales==
* "Nominant-Standard" / "Nominant" / "Standard"
[[File:StandardLeuc.png|thumb|''Dendrobates leucomelas'' "Nominant-Standard" [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/josh_vandermeulen Josh Vandermeulen]|none]]
* "Banded"
* Cerro Autana "Blue foot"
[[File:CerroAutana_bluefoot.jpeg|thumb|''Dendrobates leucomelas'' Cerro Autana "Blue foot" [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/nicflanagan Nicola Flanagan]|none]]
* "Fine Spot"
[[File:LeucFinespot2.jpg|thumb|Yellow-headed Poison Dart Frog ''Dendrobates leucomelas'' [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/gchavarri Gerardo Chavarri]|none]]
* "Clown"

== Geographical Distribution ==
This species occurs in tropical forests and wetlands from the Guianan Orinoco drainage of Venezuela north to the Río Orinoco (in Bolívar, Amazonas and Delta Amacuro States), east into Guyana to the Essequibo River, south into extreme northern Brazil (Roraima State), and west into eastern Amazonian Colombia. It possibly also occurs in Amazonas State, Brazil. It has been recorded from sea level up to 1,600 feet (500 m) above sea level.<ref>AmphibiaWeb 2022 Dendrobates leucomelas: Yellow-headed Poison Frog <https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1638> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 6, 2024.</ref>

== Reproduction ==
Male ''D. leucomelas'' will call near a laying site to attract a female. Eggs are deposited on moist, terrestrial sites (like damp leaf litter) and guarded by the male, who rotates them to maintain oxygen levels until they hatch. At that time, the tadpoles are carried on the father's back to small pools of water where they continue development.<ref>AmphibiaWeb 2022 Dendrobates leucomelas: Yellow-headed Poison Frog <https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1638> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 6, 2024.</ref>
[[File:Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates leucomelas).png|alt=Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Frog (''Dendrobates leucomelas'') geographical distribution|thumb|Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Frog (''Dendrobates leucomelas'') geographic range, IUCN<ref>Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates leucomelas) geographical distribution, IUCN - https://www.iucnredlist.org/fr/species/55191/61395501</ref>]]

== Diet ==
''D. leucomelas'' have been observed eating ants and termites on plants, forest floor, and rock walls.

== Calls ==
Male ''D. leucomelas'' will establish calling sites and emit a "chirp, buzz, trill, and hum" to get female's attention.<ref>Walls, J. G. (1994). Jewels of the Rainforest: Poison Frogs of the Family Dendrobatidae. J.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey.</ref>

== Conservation ==
''D. leucomelas'' wild distribution is widespread. The species is numerous in captivity and is readily available in the pet trade.

=== Threats ===
* Agriculture
* Aquaculture
* Logging & wood harvesting
* Collection for use in pet trade
* Wildfires

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

File:CerroAutana bluefoot.jpeg

2025-07-06T21:04:41Z

Vivipedia: Vivipedia uploaded File:CerroAutana bluefoot.jpeg

== Licensing ==
{{CC BY-NC 4.0}}

File:LeucFinespot2.jpg

2025-07-06T20:57:04Z

Vivipedia: Vivipedia uploaded File:LeucFinespot2.jpg

== Licensing ==
{{CC BY-NC 4.0}}

Dendrobates leucomelas

2025-07-06T20:47:07Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Dendrobates leucomelas''
|image=[[File:Yellow-headed_Poison_Dart_Frog_Dendrobates_leucomelas2.jpg|thumb|''Dendrobates leucomelas'' "Nominant-Standard" [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/josh_vandermeulen Josh Vandermeulen]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Dendrobates''
|species=''leucomelas''
|binomialName=''Dendrobates leucomelas''
|discovered=(Steindachner, 1864)
}}
Also known as "Leucs", "Bumblebee Poison Dart Frogs", "Yellow-headed Poison Frogs", and "Yellow-banded Dart Frogs", ''Dendrobates leucomelas'' is a diurnal, semi-arboreal species endemic to the northern-most region of Brazil, as well as Colombia, Guyana, and Venezuela.

Its species name combines "leuco-" (meaning "white") with "-melas" (meaning black or dark). This misnomer is rumored to have resulted from the white and black appearance of museum specimens which lost their yellow pigmentation when preserved in alcohol, though may also simply refer to the typical pattern of alternating yellow and black bands. <ref>https://dwazoo.com/species/leucomelas/</ref>

The IUCN classifies ''Dendrobates leucomelas'' as Least Concern (LC). Wild populations have a wide distribution and are considered stable. The species is also notably tolerant of habitat modification.<ref name=":0">Dendrobates leucomelas, IUCN Red List - https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55191/61395501</ref>

= Description =
Adults typically reach 1.22 - 1.50 inches (31-38 mm) in size. Adult frogs are black with three yellow crossbands which may appear in hues of bright yellow, yellow-orange, or orange. Black spots and blotches are often distributed throughout their back and limbs. Tadpoles are long and entirely black. ''Dendrobates leucomelas'' are the only Dendrobatid that is known to estivate. <ref>AmphibiaWeb 2022 Dendrobates leucomelas: Yellow-headed Poison Frog <https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1638> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 6, 2024.</ref>

==Locales==
* "Nominant-Standard" / "Nominant" / "Standard"
[[File:StandardLeuc.png|thumb|''Dendrobates leucomelas'' "Nominant-Standard" [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/josh_vandermeulen Josh Vandermeulen]|none]]
* "Banded"
* Cerro Autana "Blue foot"
[[File:CerroAutana bluefoot.jpeg|''Dendrobates leucomelas'' Cerro Autana "Blue foot"|thumb|alt=|none]]
* "Fine Spot"
[[File:LeucFinespot2.jpg|thumb|Yellow-headed Poison Dart Frog ''Dendrobates leucomelas'' [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/gchavarri Gerardo Chavarri]|none]]
* "Clown"

== Geographical Distribution ==
This species occurs in tropical forests and wetlands from the Guianan Orinoco drainage of Venezuela north to the Río Orinoco (in Bolívar, Amazonas and Delta Amacuro States), east into Guyana to the Essequibo River, south into extreme northern Brazil (Roraima State), and west into eastern Amazonian Colombia. It possibly also occurs in Amazonas State, Brazil. It has been recorded from sea level up to 1,600 feet (500 m) above sea level.<ref>AmphibiaWeb 2022 Dendrobates leucomelas: Yellow-headed Poison Frog <https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1638> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 6, 2024.</ref>

== Reproduction ==
Male ''D. leucomelas'' will call near a laying site to attract a female. Eggs are deposited on moist, terrestrial sites (like damp leaf litter) and guarded by the male, who rotates them to maintain oxygen levels until they hatch. At that time, the tadpoles are carried on the father's back to small pools of water where they continue development.<ref>AmphibiaWeb 2022 Dendrobates leucomelas: Yellow-headed Poison Frog <https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1638> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 6, 2024.</ref>
[[File:Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates leucomelas).png|alt=Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates leucomelas) geographical distribution|thumb|Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Frog (''Dendrobates leucomelas'') geographic range, IUCN<ref>Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates leucomelas) geographical distribution, IUCN - https://www.iucnredlist.org/fr/species/55191/61395501</ref>]]

== Diet ==
''D. leucomelas'' have been observed eating ants and termites on plants, forest floor, and rock walls.

== Calls ==
Male ''D. leucomelas'' will establish calling sites and emit a "chirp, buzz, trill, and hum" to get female's attention.<ref>Walls, J. G. (1994). Jewels of the Rainforest: Poison Frogs of the Family Dendrobatidae. J.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey.</ref>

== Conservation ==
''D. leucomelas'' wild distribution is widespread. The species is numerous in captivity and is readily available in the pet trade.

=== Threats ===
* Agriculture
* Aquaculture
* Logging & wood harvesting
* Collection for use in pet trade
* Wildfires

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

File:StandardLeuc.png

2025-07-06T20:46:50Z

Vivipedia:

== Licensing ==
{{CC BY-NC 4.0}}

Dendrobates leucomelas

2025-07-06T20:43:10Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Dendrobates leucomelas''
|image=[[File:Yellow-headed_Poison_Dart_Frog_Dendrobates_leucomelas2.jpg|thumb|''Dendrobates leucomelas'' "Nominant-Standard" [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/josh_vandermeulen Josh Vandermeulen]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Dendrobates''
|species=''leucomelas''
|binomialName=''Dendrobates leucomelas''
|discovered=(Steindachner, 1864)
}}
Also known as "Leucs", "Bumblebee Poison Dart Frogs", "Yellow-headed Poison Frogs", and "Yellow-banded Dart Frogs", ''Dendrobates leucomelas'' is a diurnal, semi-arboreal species endemic to the northern-most region of Brazil, as well as Colombia, Guyana, and Venezuela.

Its species name combines "leuco-" (meaning "white") with "-melas" (meaning black or dark). This misnomer is rumored to have resulted from the white and black appearance of museum specimens which lost their yellow pigmentation when preserved in alcohol, though may also simply refer to the typical pattern of alternating yellow and black bands. <ref>https://dwazoo.com/species/leucomelas/</ref>

The IUCN classifies ''Dendrobates leucomelas'' as Least Concern (LC). Wild populations have a wide distribution and are considered stable. The species is also notably tolerant of habitat modification.<ref name=":0">Dendrobates leucomelas, IUCN Red List - https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55191/61395501</ref>

= Description =
Adults typically reach 1.22 - 1.50 inches (31-38 mm) in size. Adult frogs are black with three yellow crossbands which may appear in hues of bright yellow, yellow-orange, or orange. Black spots and blotches are often distributed throughout their back and limbs. Tadpoles are long and entirely black. ''Dendrobates leucomelas'' are the only Dendrobatid that is known to estivate. <ref>AmphibiaWeb 2022 Dendrobates leucomelas: Yellow-headed Poison Frog <https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1638> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 6, 2024.</ref>

==Locales==
* "Nominant-Standard" / "Nominant" / "Standard"
[[File:StandardLeuc.jpg|thumb|''Dendrobates leucomelas'' "Nominant-Standard" [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/josh_vandermeulen Josh Vandermeulen]|none]]
* "Banded"
* Cerro Autana "Blue foot"
[[File:CerroAutana bluefoot.jpeg|''Dendrobates leucomelas'' Cerro Autana "Blue foot"|thumb|alt=|none]]
* "Fine Spot"
[[File:LeucFinespot2.jpg|thumb|Yellow-headed Poison Dart Frog ''Dendrobates leucomelas'' [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/gchavarri Gerardo Chavarri]|none]]
* "Clown"

== Geographical Distribution ==
This species occurs in tropical forests and wetlands from the Guianan Orinoco drainage of Venezuela north to the Río Orinoco (in Bolívar, Amazonas and Delta Amacuro States), east into Guyana to the Essequibo River, south into extreme northern Brazil (Roraima State), and west into eastern Amazonian Colombia. It possibly also occurs in Amazonas State, Brazil. It has been recorded from sea level up to 1,600 feet (500 m) above sea level.<ref>AmphibiaWeb 2022 Dendrobates leucomelas: Yellow-headed Poison Frog <https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1638> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 6, 2024.</ref>

== Reproduction ==
Male ''D. leucomelas'' will call near a laying site to attract a female. Eggs are deposited on moist, terrestrial sites (like damp leaf litter) and guarded by the male, who rotates them to maintain oxygen levels until they hatch. At that time, the tadpoles are carried on the father's back to small pools of water where they continue development.<ref>AmphibiaWeb 2022 Dendrobates leucomelas: Yellow-headed Poison Frog <https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1638> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 6, 2024.</ref>
[[File:Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates leucomelas).png|alt=Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates leucomelas) geographical distribution|thumb|Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Frog (''Dendrobates leucomelas'') geographic range, IUCN<ref>Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates leucomelas) geographical distribution, IUCN - https://www.iucnredlist.org/fr/species/55191/61395501</ref>]]

== Diet ==
''D. leucomelas'' have been observed eating ants and termites on plants, forest floor, and rock walls.

== Calls ==
Male ''D. leucomelas'' will establish calling sites and emit a "chirp, buzz, trill, and hum" to get female's attention.<ref>Walls, J. G. (1994). Jewels of the Rainforest: Poison Frogs of the Family Dendrobatidae. J.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey.</ref>

== Conservation ==
''D. leucomelas'' wild distribution is widespread. The species is numerous in captivity and is readily available in the pet trade.

=== Threats ===
* Agriculture
* Aquaculture
* Logging & wood harvesting
* Collection for use in pet trade
* Wildfires

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

File:Yellow-headed Poison Dart Frog Dendrobates leucomelas2.jpg

2025-07-06T20:42:50Z

Vivipedia: Vivipedia uploaded File:Yellow-headed Poison Dart Frog Dendrobates leucomelas2.jpg

Yellow-headed Poison Dart Frog (''Dendrobates leucomelas'') (c) Josh Vandermeulen

Dendrobates tinctorius

2025-07-06T20:17:03Z

Vivipedia:

Also known as "Tincs" and the "Dyeing Poison Frog", ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' is a diurnal, semi-arboreal species native to Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and the northern-most region of Brazil.

The IUCN classifies ''D. tinctorius'' as Least Concern (LC). Wild populations are common in French Guiana, though distributed sporadically throughout the rest of their known range.<ref name="IUCN">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2023. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/fr/species/55204/61395760 ''Dendrobates tinctorius'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T55204A61395760. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55204A61395760.en. Accessed on 08 May 2024.</ref>

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Dendrobates tinctorius''
|image=[[File:Dendrobates-tinctorius-blauer-baumsteiger.jpg|thumb|''Dendrobates tinctorius'' "Azureus" ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 ©]) [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Holleday Holder Krisp]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Dendrobates''
|species=''tinctorius''
|binomialName='' Dendrobates tinctorius''
|discovered=(Cuvier, 1797)
}}

= Description =
''Dendrobates tinctorius'' typically reach 1.49 to 1.97 inches (37.8-50.0 mm) in size. While a wide variety of localities occur in nature, adults typically display blue arms and legs, with black spots of various sizes - though some locales may not display any spots at all. Some locales will display yellow coloration on the head or back, while others will appear sky blue in contrast to darker blues common in other localities.

Among varieties known and available to the pet trade, ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' "Azureus" is among the most immediately recognizable localitis. Notably, prior to 2006, the "Azureus" locale was described as a distinct species: ''Dendrobates azureus''. In 2006 further analysis suggested ''Dendrobates azureus'' was actually a variant of ''Dendrobates tinctorius'', and that they both represented a single species.<ref>Wollenberg, K. C., Veith, M., Noonan, B. P., & Lötters, S. (2006). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4126529 "Polymorphism versus species richness—systematics of large Dendrobates from the eastern Guiana Shield (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae)"]. Copeia, 2006(4), 623-629.</ref>

==Localities==
The following list is far from exhaustive but includes localities and phenotypes which have been established in captivity:
* "Azureus"
* "Brazilian Yellow Head"
* "Citronella"
* "Cobalt"
* "Giant Orange"
* "Green Sipaliwini" ("Green Sips")
* "Inferalinis"
* "Koetari River"
* "Lorenzo"
* "Matecho"
* "New River"
* "Oyapock"
* "Patricia"
* "Powder Blue"
* "Robertus"
* "Table Mountain"
* "True Sipaliwini"
* "Tumucumaque" ("Peacock")
* "Yellowback"

== Geographical Distribution ==
[[File:Dyeing_Poison_Frog_(Dendrobates_tinctorius)_geographical_distribution.png|alt=Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) geographical distribution|thumb|''Dendrobates tinctorius'' (Dyeing Poison Frog) geographic range, IUCN<ref>IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) 2021. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/fr/species/55204/61395760 ''Dendrobates tinctorius'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.</ref>]]
''Dendrobates tinctorius'' are found in the lowland forests of Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, and Suranime. The species has been observed as high as 1,970 feet (600 meters) above sea level.

== Reproduction ==
Male ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' typically call from the ground to attract a female. Interested females will make contact with the male's snout and back, after which the male will lead the female to a laying site, where 2-6 eggs are typically laid. Eggs are typically guarded and tended to by the male, but the female may sometimes tend to them instead, or in addition to the male.

After 14-18 days, the tadpoles will hatch. At this time either parent (though typically the male) will carry them to small pools of water in bromeliad or other plant leaf axils.

Males are differentiated from females by calling behavior, and their large, heart-shaped toepads on their front legs. Females may be slightly larger than males.

== Diet ==

In nature ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' are known to prey on a variety of arthropods, including ants, termites, beetles, wasps, insect larvae, and mites. Among these, ants are the most common prey items.<ref>Born, M., Bongers, F., Poelman, E. H., & Sterck, F. J. (2010). [https://revistas.usp.br/phyllo/article/view/42724 "Dry-season retreat and dietary shift of the dart-poison frog Dendrobates tinctorius (Anura: Dendrobatidae)"]. ''Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology'', ''9''(1), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v9i1p37-52</ref>

Captive frogs are typically fed supplement-dusted wingless or flightless ''Drosophila hydei'' or ''melanogaster'' fruit flies.

== Calls ==
The call of ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' is described as a very low intensity "buzz". This call is only audible from close by.<ref>Rojas, B., & Pašukonis, A. (2019). [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31576237/ "From habitat use to social behavior: natural history of a voiceless poison frog, ''Dendrobates tinctorius''"]. PeerJ, 7, e7648. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31576237/ 31576237] DOI: [https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7648 10.7717/peerj.7648] </ref>

== Conservation ==
''Dendrobates tinctorius'' is listed as Least Concern (LC) by the IUCN. Threats to wild populations include agriculture, aquaculture, logging, and collection for use as pets or display animals.
''D. tinctorius'' are abundant in captivity and widely available in the pet trade.

== References ==

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Dendrobates tinctorius

2025-07-06T20:10:43Z

Vivipedia:

Also known as "Tincs" and the "Dyeing Poison Frog", ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' is a diurnal, semi-arboreal species native to Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and the northern-most region of Brazil.

The IUCN classifies ''D. tinctorius'' as Least Concern (LC). Wild populations are common in French Guiana, though distributed sporadically throughout the rest of their known range.<ref name="IUCN">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2023. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/fr/species/55204/61395760 ''Dendrobates tinctorius'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T55204A61395760. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55204A61395760.en. Accessed on 08 May 2024.</ref>

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Dendrobates tinctorius''
|image=[[File:Dendrobates-tinctorius-blauer-baumsteiger.jpg|thumb|''Dendrobates tinctorius'' "Azureus" ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 ©]) [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Holleday Holder Krisp]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Dendrobates''
|species=''tinctorius''
|binomialName='' Dendrobates tinctorius''
|discovered=(Cuvier, 1797)
}}

= Description =
''Dendrobates tinctorius'' typically reach 1.49 to 1.97 inches (37.8-50.0 mm) in size. While a wide variety of localities occur in nature, adults typically display blue arms and legs, with black spots of various sizes - though some locales may not display any spots at all. Some locales will display yellow coloration on the head or back, while others will appear sky blue in contrast to darker blues common in other localities.

Among varieties known and available to the pet trade, ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' "Azureus" is among the most immediately recognizable localitis. Notably, prior to 2006, the "Azureus" locale was described as a distinct species: ''Dendrobates azureus''. In 2006 further analysis suggested ''Dendrobates azureus'' was actually a variant of ''Dendrobates tinctorius'', and that they both represented a single species.<ref>Wollenberg, K. C., Veith, M., Noonan, B. P., & Lötters, S. (2006). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4126529 "Polymorphism versus species richness—systematics of large Dendrobates from the eastern Guiana Shield (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae)"]. Copeia, 2006(4), 623-629.</ref>

==Localities==
The following list is far from exhaustive but includes localities and phenotypes which have been established in captivity:
* "Azureus"
* "Brazilian Yellow Head"
* "Citronella"
* "Cobalt"
* "Giant Orange"
* "Green Sipaliwini" ("Green Sips")
* "Inferalinis"
* "Koetari River"
* "Lorenzo"
* "Matecho"
* "New River"
* "Oyapock"
* "Patricia"
* "Powder Blue"
* "Robertus"
* "Table Mountain"
* "True Sipaliwini"
* "Tumucumaque" ("Peacock")
* "Yellowback"

== Geographical Distribution ==
[[File:Dyeing_Poison_Frog_(Dendrobates_tinctorius)_geographical_distribution.png|alt=Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) geographical distribution|thumb|''Dendrobates tinctorius'' (Dyeing Poison Frog) geographic range, IUCN<ref>IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) 2021. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/fr/species/55204/61395760 ''Dendrobates tinctorius'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.</ref>]]
''Dendrobates tinctorius'' are found in the lowland forests of Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, and Suranime. The species has been observed as high as 1,970 feet (600 meters) above sea level.

== Reproduction ==
Male ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' typically call from the ground to attract a female. Interested females will make contact with the male's snout and back, after which the male will lead the female to a laying site, where 2-6 eggs are typically laid. Eggs are typically guarded and tended to by the male, but the female may sometimes tend to them instead, or in addition to the male.

After 14-18 days, the tadpoles will hatch. At this time either parent (though typically the male) will carry them to small pools of water in bromeliad or other plant leaf axils.

Males are differentiated from females by calling behavior, and their large, heart-shaped toepads on their front legs. Females may be slightly larger than males.

== Diet ==

In nature ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' are known to prey on a variety of arthropods, including ants, termites, beetles, wasps, insect larvae, and mites. Among these, ants are the most common prey items.<ref>Born, M., Bongers, F., Poelman, E. H., & Sterck, F. J. (2010). [https://revistas.usp.br/phyllo/article/view/42724 "Dry-season retreat and dietary shift of the dart-poison frog Dendrobates tinctorius (Anura: Dendrobatidae)"]. ''Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology'', ''9''(1), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v9i1p37-52</ref>

Captive frogs are typically fed supplement-dusted wingless or flightless ''Drosophila hydei'' or ''melanogaster'' fruit flies.

== Calls ==
The call of ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' is described as a very low intensity "buzz". This call is only audible from close by.<ref>Rojas, B., & Pašukonis, A. (2019). From habitat use to social behavior: natural history of a voiceless poison frog, Dendrobates tinctorius. PeerJ, 7, e7648.</ref>

== Conservation ==
''Dendrobates tinctorius'' is listed as Least Concern (LC) by the IUCN. Threats to wild populations include agriculture, aquaculture, logging, and collection for use as pets or display animals.
''D. tinctorius'' are abundant in captivity and widely available in the pet trade.

== References ==

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Dendrobates tinctorius

2025-07-06T20:01:39Z

Vivipedia:

Also known as "Tincs" and the "Dyeing Poison Frog", ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' is a diurnal, semi-arboreal species native to Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and the northern-most region of Brazil.

The IUCN classifies ''D. tinctorius'' as Least Concern (LC). Wild populations are common in French Guiana, though distributed sporadically throughout the rest of their known range.<ref name="IUCN">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2023. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/fr/species/55204/61395760 ''Dendrobates tinctorius'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T55204A61395760. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55204A61395760.en. Accessed on 08 May 2024.</ref>

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Dendrobates tinctorius''
|image=[[File:Dendrobates-tinctorius-blauer-baumsteiger.jpg|thumb|''Dendrobates tinctorius'' "Azureus" ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 ©]) [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Holleday Holder Krisp]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Dendrobates''
|species=''tinctorius''
|binomialName='' Dendrobates tinctorius''
|discovered=(Cuvier, 1797)
}}

= Description =
''Dendrobates tinctorius'' typically reach 1.49 to 1.97 inches (37.8-50.0 mm) in size. While a wide variety of localities occur in nature, adults typically display blue arms and legs, with black spots of various sizes - though some locales may not display any spots at all. Some locales will display yellow coloration on the head or back, while others will appear sky blue in contrast to darker blues common in other localities.

Among varieties known and available to the pet trade, ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' "Azureus" is among the most immediately recognizable localitis. Notably, prior to 2006, the "Azureus" locale was described as a distinct species: ''Dendrobates azureus''. In 2006 further analysis suggested ''Dendrobates azureus'' was actually a variant of ''Dendrobates tinctorius'', and that they both represented a single species.<ref>Wollenberg, K. C., Veith, M., Noonan, B. P., & Lötters, S. (2006). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4126529 "Polymorphism versus species richness—systematics of large Dendrobates from the eastern Guiana Shield (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae)"]. Copeia, 2006(4), 623-629.</ref>

==Localities==
The following list is far from exhaustive but includes localities and phenotypes which have been established in captivity:
* "Azureus"
* "Brazilian Yellow Head"
* "Citronella"
* "Cobalt"
* "Giant Orange"
* "Green Sipaliwini" ("Green Sips")
* "Inferalinis"
* "Koetari River"
* "Lorenzo"
* "Matecho"
* "New River"
* "Oyapock"
* "Patricia"
* "Powder Blue"
* "Robertus"
* "Table Mountain"
* "True Sipaliwini"
* "Tumucumaque" ("Peacock")
* "Yellowback"

== Geographical Distribution ==
[[File:Dyeing_Poison_Frog_(Dendrobates_tinctorius)_geographical_distribution.png|alt=Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) geographical distribution|thumb|''Dendrobates tinctorius'' (Dyeing Poison Frog) geographic range, IUCN<ref>IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) 2021. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/fr/species/55204/61395760 ''Dendrobates tinctorius'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.</ref>]]
''Dendrobates tinctorius'' are found in the lowland forests of Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, and Suranime. The species has been observed as high as 1,970 feet (600 meters) above sea level.

== Reproduction ==
Male ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' typically call from the ground to attract a female. Interested females will make contact with the male's snout and back, after which the male will lead the female to a laying site, where 2-6 eggs are typically laid. Eggs are typically guarded and tended to by the male, but the female may sometimes tend to them instead, or in addition to the male.

After 14-18 days, the tadpoles will hatch. At this time either parent (though typically the male) will carry them to small pools of water in bromeliad or other plant leaf axils.

Males are differentiated from females by calling behavior, and their large, heart-shaped toepads on their front legs. Females may be slightly larger than males.

== Diet ==

In nature ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' are known to prey on a variety of arthropods, including ants, termites, beetles, wasps, insect larvae, and mites. Among these, ants are the most common prey items.<ref>Born, M., Bongers, F., Poelman, E. H., & Sterck, F. J. (2010). Dry-season retreat and dietary shift of the dart-poison frog Dendrobates tinctorius (Anura: Dendrobatidae). ''Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology'', ''9''(1), 37-52.</ref>

Captive frogs are typically fed supplement-dusted wingless or flightless ''Drosophila hydei'' or ''melanogaster'' fruit flies.

== Calls ==
The call of ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' is described as a very low intensity "buzz". This call is only audible from close by.<ref>Rojas, B., & Pašukonis, A. (2019). From habitat use to social behavior: natural history of a voiceless poison frog, Dendrobates tinctorius. PeerJ, 7, e7648.</ref>

== Conservation ==
''Dendrobates tinctorius'' is listed as Least Concern (LC) by the IUCN. Threats to wild populations include agriculture, aquaculture, logging, and collection for use as pets or display animals.
''D. tinctorius'' are abundant in captivity and widely available in the pet trade.

== References ==

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

File:Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) geographical distribution.png

2025-07-06T19:44:34Z

Vivipedia: Vivipedia uploaded File:Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) geographical distribution.png

Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) geographical distribution

Dendrobates tinctorius

2025-07-06T19:41:38Z

Vivipedia: /* Description */

Also known as "Tincs" and the "Dyeing Poison Frog", ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' is a diurnal, semi-arboreal species native to Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and the northern-most region of Brazil.

The IUCN classifies ''D. tinctorius'' as Least Concern (LC). Wild populations are common in French Guiana, though distributed sporadically throughout the rest of their known range.<ref>IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2023. Dendrobates tinctorius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T55204A61395760. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55204A61395760.en. Accessed on 08 May 2024.</ref>

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Dendrobates tinctorius''
|image=[[File:Dendrobates-tinctorius-blauer-baumsteiger.jpg|thumb|''Dendrobates tinctorius'' "Azureus" ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 ©]) [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Holleday Holder Krisp]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Dendrobates''
|species=''tinctorius''
|binomialName='' Dendrobates tinctorius''
|discovered=(Cuvier, 1797)
}}

= Description =
''Dendrobates tinctorius'' typically reach 1.49 to 1.97 inches (37.8-50.0 mm) in size. While a wide variety of localities occur in nature, adults typically display blue arms and legs, with black spots of various sizes - though some locales may not display any spots at all. Some locales will display yellow coloration on the head or back, while others will appear sky blue in contrast to darker blues common in other localities.

Among varieties known and available to the pet trade, ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' "Azureus" is among the most immediately recognizable localitis. Notably, prior to 2006, the "Azureus" locale was described as a distinct species: ''Dendrobates azureus''. In 2006 further analysis suggested ''Dendrobates azureus'' was actually a variant of ''Dendrobates tinctorius'', and that they both represented a single species.<ref>Wollenberg, K. C., Veith, M., Noonan, B. P., and Lotters, S. (2006). ''Polymorphism versus species richness—systematics of large Dendrobates from the Eastern Guiana Shield (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae).'' Copeia, 2006(4), 623-629.</ref>

==Localities==
The following list is far from exhaustive but includes localities and phenotypes which have been established in captivity:
* "Azureus"
* "Brazilian Yellow Head"
* "Citronella"
* "Cobalt"
* "Giant Orange"
* "Green Sipaliwini" ("Green Sips")
* "Inferalinis"
* "Koetari River"
* "Lorenzo"
* "Matecho"
* "New River"
* "Oyapock"
* "Patricia"
* "Powder Blue"
* "Robertus"
* "Table Mountain"
* "True Sipaliwini"
* "Tumucumaque" ("Peacock")
* "Yellowback"

== Geographical Distribution ==
[[File:Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) geographical distribution.png|alt=Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) geographical distribution|thumb|Dyeing Poison Frog (''Dendrobates tinctorius'') geographic range, IUCN<ref>Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) geographical distribution, IUCN - https://iucnredlist.org/fr/species/55204/61395760</ref>]]
''Dendrobates tinctorius'' are found in the lowland forests of Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, and Suranime. The species has been observed as high as 1,970 feet (600 meters) above sea level.

== Reproduction ==
Male ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' typically call from the ground to attract a female. Interested females will make contact with the male's snout and back, after which the male will lead the female to a laying site, where 2-6 eggs are typically laid. Eggs are typically guarded and tended to by the male, but the female may sometimes tend to them instead, or in addition to the male.

After 14-18 days, the tadpoles will hatch. At this time either parent (though typically the male) will carry them to small pools of water in bromeliad or other plant leaf axils.

Males are differentiated from females by calling behavior, and their large, heart-shaped toepads on their front legs. Females may be slightly larger than males.

== Diet ==

In nature ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' are known to prey on a variety of arthropods, including ants, termites, beetles, wasps, insect larvae, and mites. Among these, ants are the most common prey items.<ref>Born, M., Bongers, F., Poelman, E. H., & Sterck, F. J. (2010). Dry-season retreat and dietary shift of the dart-poison frog Dendrobates tinctorius (Anura: Dendrobatidae). ''Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology'', ''9''(1), 37-52.</ref>

Captive frogs are typically fed supplement-dusted wingless or flightless ''Drosophila hydei'' or ''melanogaster'' fruit flies.

== Calls ==
The call of ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' is described as a very low intensity "buzz". This call is only audible from close by.<ref>Rojas, B., & Pašukonis, A. (2019). From habitat use to social behavior: natural history of a voiceless poison frog, Dendrobates tinctorius. PeerJ, 7, e7648.</ref>

== Conservation ==
''Dendrobates tinctorius'' is listed as Least Concern (LC) by the IUCN. Threats to wild populations include agriculture, aquaculture, logging, and collection for use as pets or display animals.
''D. tinctorius'' are abundant in captivity and widely available in the pet trade.

== References ==

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Phyllobates terribilis

2025-07-06T19:32:50Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Phyllobates terribilis''
|image=[[File:Golden Poison dart frog Phyllobates terribilis.jpg|thumb|Golden Poison Dart Frog ''Phyllobates terribilis'' ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ©]) Brian Gratwicke]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Phyllobates''
|species=''terribilis''
|binomialName=''Phyllobates terribilis''
|discovered=(Myers, C.W.; Daly, J.W. & B. Malkin, 1978)
}}
Also known as the "Golden Poison Dart Frog", "Golden Poison Frog", or simply "Terribilis", ''Phyllobates terribilis'' is a diurnal, primarily terrestrial species endemic to western Colombia. It is among the largest species of dart frogs kept in captivity, and one of only three species of "dart frogs" confirmed to be used by indigenous peoples for poisoning darts (along with ''Phyllobates aurotaenia'' and ''Phyllobates bicolor'').

The species name ''terribilis'' refers to the toxic secretions this frog produces in the wild. It is estimated that a single wild ''Phyllobates terribilis'' contains enough toxin to kill about five adult humans.<ref name= "Myers et al.">Myers, C.W.; Daly, J.W. & B. Malkin (1978). [https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/items/d82fffd4-13a8-4bc0-97df-40e96e7e6f14 "A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Embera Indians of western Colombia with discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning"]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 161: 307–366. [http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1286 hdl:2246/1286]</ref> Despite its extreme toxicity in nature, ''terribilis'' kept in captivity are not known to be dangerously toxic.

The IUCN classifies ''terribilis'' as Endangered (EN). Wild populations are decreasing primarily due to habitat loss.<ref name=":0">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2017. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55264/85887889 Phyllobates terribilis]. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T55264A85887889. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T55264A85887889.en. Accessed on 08 May 2024.</ref>

= Description =
Adults typically reach 1.6 - 1.85 inches (41-47 mm) in size. Adult frogs are solid-colored, and either bright yellow, orange, or mint green with few (if any) markings. One locality ("Orange Blackfoot") is bright orange with black-accented legs. Wild ''Phyllobates terribilis'' are believed to be the most toxic of the Dendrobatids, though relatively harmless when raised entirely in captivity. Wild-caught specimens are known to retain their toxicity for three years or more, and should be avoided.<ref>Daly JW, Secunda SI, Garraffo HM, Spande TF, Wisnieski A, Cover JF Jr. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0041010194903352 "An uptake system for dietary alkaloids in poison frogs (Dendrobatidae)"]. Toxicon. 1994 Jun;32(6):657-63. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(94)90335-2 doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(94)90335-2]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7940573/ 7940573].</ref>

In addition to their infamous toxicity, ''P. terribilis'' are also known for their boldness. Hobbyists report they are fearless, almost always visible, and quickly learn to associate the opening of an enclosure with food.

==Localities==
The following localities and phenotypes have been established in captivity:
* "Orange"
* "Orange Blackfoot" (phenotype of "Orange" first introduced by [https://tesorosfrogs.com/products/phyllobates-terribilis-orange-black-foot Tesoros de Colombia])
* "Mint"
* "Yellow"

[[File:Golden_Poison_Frog_(Phyllobates_terribilis)_geographical_distribution.png|alt=Golden Poison Frog (Phyllobates terribilis) geographical distribution|left|thumb|Golden Poison Frog (''Phyllobates terribilis'') geographic range, IUCN<ref>IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Conservation International & NatureServe. 2016. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55264/85887889 Phyllobates terribilis]. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]. Accessed on 08 May 2024.</ref>]]
== Geographical Distribution ==
This species occurs in tropical rainforests and wetlands in the western foothills of the Andes in Pacific coastal Colombia. <ref>Species Account Citation: [https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1707 AmphibiaWeb 2021 Phyllobates terribilis: Golden Poison Frog] https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1707 University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 8, 2024.</ref>

== Reproduction ==
Male ''P. terribilis'' will call near a laying site to attract a female. Eggs are deposited on moist, terrestrial sites in clutches of up to 20 eggs.<ref name= "Myers et al.">Myers, C.W.; Daly, J.W. & B. Malkin (1978). [https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/items/d82fffd4-13a8-4bc0-97df-40e96e7e6f14 "A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Embera Indians of western Colombia with discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning"]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 161: 307–366. [http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1286 hdl:2246/1286]</ref> Once eggs hatch, the male will carry tadpoles on his back

== Threats ==

* Agriculture and pesticides
* Livestock ranching
* Mining and quarrying
* Logging

== Calls ==
Males will emit "long sustained trills", of relatively low pitch compared to other ''Phyllobates''.

== Conservation ==
''P. terribilis'' is endangered and wild populations are decreasing. However, the species prolific and numerous in captivity, where it is readily available in the pet trade.

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Dendrobates tinctorius

2025-07-06T19:32:11Z

Vivipedia:

Also known as "Tincs" and the "Dyeing Poison Frog", ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' is a diurnal, semi-arboreal species native to Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and the northern-most region of Brazil.

The IUCN classifies ''D. tinctorius'' as Least Concern (LC). Wild populations are common in French Guiana, though distributed sporadically throughout the rest of their known range.<ref>IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2023. Dendrobates tinctorius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T55204A61395760. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55204A61395760.en. Accessed on 08 May 2024.</ref>

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Dendrobates tinctorius''
|image=[[File:Dendrobates-tinctorius-blauer-baumsteiger.jpg|thumb|''Dendrobates tinctorius'' "Azureus" ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 ©]) [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Holleday Holder Krisp]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Dendrobates''
|species=''tinctorius''
|binomialName='' Dendrobates tinctorius''
|discovered=(Cuvier, 1797)
}}

= Description =
''Dendrobates tinctorius'' typically reach 1.49 - 1.97 inches (37.8-50.0 mm) in size. While a wide variety of localities occur in nature, adults typically display blue arms and legs, with black spots of various sizes - though some locales may not display any spots at all. Some locales will display yellow coloration on the head or back, while others will appear sky blue in contrast to darker blues common in other localities.

Among varieties known and available to the pet trade, ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' "Azureus" is the most immediately recognizable locale. However, prior to 2006, the "Azureus" locale was described as a distinct species: ''Dendrobates azureus''. In 2006 a scientific analysis suggested ''Dendrobates azureus'' was actually a variant of ''Dendrobates tinctorius'', and that they both represented a single species.<ref>Wollenberg, K. C., Veith, M., Noonan, B. P., and Lotters, S. (2006). ''Polymorphism versus species richness—systematics of large Dendrobates from the Eastern Guiana Shield (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae).'' Copeia, 2006(4), 623-629.</ref>

==Locales==
''Note: the list below is not exhaustive.''
* "Azureus"
* "Brazilian Yellow Head"
* "Citronella"
* "Cobalt"
* "Giant Orange"
* "Green Sipaliwini" ("Green Sips")
* "Inferalinis"
* "Koetari River"
* "Lorenzo"
* "Matecho"
* "New River"
* "Oyapock"
* "Patricia"
* "Powder Blue"
* "Robertus"
* "Table Mountain"
* "True Sipaliwini"
* "Tumucumaque" ("Peacock")
* "Yellowback"

== Geographical Distribution ==
[[File:Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) geographical distribution.png|alt=Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) geographical distribution|thumb|Dyeing Poison Frog (''Dendrobates tinctorius'') geographic range, IUCN<ref>Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) geographical distribution, IUCN - https://iucnredlist.org/fr/species/55204/61395760</ref>]]
''Dendrobates tinctorius'' are found in the lowland forests of Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, and Suranime. The species has been observed as high as 1,970 feet (600 meters) above sea level.

== Reproduction ==
Male ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' typically call from the ground to attract a female. Interested females will make contact with the male's snout and back, after which the male will lead the female to a laying site, where 2-6 eggs are typically laid. Eggs are typically guarded and tended to by the male, but the female may sometimes tend to them instead, or in addition to the male.

After 14-18 days, the tadpoles will hatch. At this time either parent (though typically the male) will carry them to small pools of water in bromeliad or other plant leaf axils.

Males are differentiated from females by calling behavior, and their large, heart-shaped toepads on their front legs. Females may be slightly larger than males.

== Diet ==

In nature ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' are known to prey on a variety of arthropods, including ants, termites, beetles, wasps, insect larvae, and mites. Among these, ants are the most common prey items.<ref>Born, M., Bongers, F., Poelman, E. H., & Sterck, F. J. (2010). Dry-season retreat and dietary shift of the dart-poison frog Dendrobates tinctorius (Anura: Dendrobatidae). ''Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology'', ''9''(1), 37-52.</ref>

Captive frogs are typically fed supplement-dusted wingless or flightless ''Drosophila hydei'' or ''melanogaster'' fruit flies.

== Calls ==
The call of ''Dendrobates tinctorius'' is described as a very low intensity "buzz". This call is only audible from close by.<ref>Rojas, B., & Pašukonis, A. (2019). From habitat use to social behavior: natural history of a voiceless poison frog, Dendrobates tinctorius. PeerJ, 7, e7648.</ref>

== Conservation ==
''Dendrobates tinctorius'' is listed as Least Concern (LC) by the IUCN. Threats to wild populations include agriculture, aquaculture, logging, and collection for use as pets or display animals.
''D. tinctorius'' are abundant in captivity and widely available in the pet trade.

== References ==

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Phyllobates terribilis

2025-07-06T19:29:50Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Phyllobates terribilis''
|image=[[File:Golden Poison dart frog Phyllobates terribilis.jpg|thumb|Golden Poison Dart Frog ''Phyllobates terribilis'' ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 c]) Brian Gratwicke]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Phyllobates''
|species=''terribilis''
|binomialName=''Phyllobates terribilis''
|discovered=(Myers, C.W.; Daly, J.W. & B. Malkin, 1978)
}}
Also known as the "Golden Poison Dart Frog", "Golden Poison Frog", or simply "Terribilis", ''Phyllobates terribilis'' is a diurnal, primarily terrestrial species endemic to western Colombia. It is among the largest species of dart frogs kept in captivity, and one of only three species of "dart frogs" confirmed to be used by indigenous peoples for poisoning darts (along with ''Phyllobates aurotaenia'' and ''Phyllobates bicolor'').

The species name ''terribilis'' refers to the toxic secretions this frog produces in the wild. It is estimated that a single wild ''Phyllobates terribilis'' contains enough toxin to kill about five adult humans.<ref name= "Myers et al.">Myers, C.W.; Daly, J.W. & B. Malkin (1978). [https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/items/d82fffd4-13a8-4bc0-97df-40e96e7e6f14 "A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Embera Indians of western Colombia with discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning"]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 161: 307–366. [http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1286 hdl:2246/1286]</ref> Despite its extreme toxicity in nature, ''terribilis'' kept in captivity are not known to be dangerously toxic.

The IUCN classifies ''terribilis'' as Endangered (EN). Wild populations are decreasing primarily due to habitat loss.<ref name=":0">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2017. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55264/85887889 Phyllobates terribilis]. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T55264A85887889. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T55264A85887889.en. Accessed on 08 May 2024.</ref>

= Description =
Adults typically reach 1.6 - 1.85 inches (41-47 mm) in size. Adult frogs are solid-colored, and either bright yellow, orange, or mint green with few (if any) markings. One locality ("Orange Blackfoot") is bright orange with black-accented legs. Wild ''Phyllobates terribilis'' are believed to be the most toxic of the Dendrobatids, though relatively harmless when raised entirely in captivity. Wild-caught specimens are known to retain their toxicity for three years or more, and should be avoided.<ref>Daly JW, Secunda SI, Garraffo HM, Spande TF, Wisnieski A, Cover JF Jr. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0041010194903352 "An uptake system for dietary alkaloids in poison frogs (Dendrobatidae)"]. Toxicon. 1994 Jun;32(6):657-63. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(94)90335-2 doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(94)90335-2]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7940573/ 7940573].</ref>

In addition to their infamous toxicity, ''P. terribilis'' are also known for their boldness. Hobbyists report they are fearless, almost always visible, and quickly learn to associate the opening of an enclosure with food.

==Localities==
The following localities and phenotypes have been established in captivity:
* "Orange"
* "Orange Blackfoot" (phenotype of "Orange" first introduced by [https://tesorosfrogs.com/products/phyllobates-terribilis-orange-black-foot Tesoros de Colombia])
* "Mint"
* "Yellow"

[[File:Golden_Poison_Frog_(Phyllobates_terribilis)_geographical_distribution.png|alt=Golden Poison Frog (Phyllobates terribilis) geographical distribution|left|thumb|Golden Poison Frog (''Phyllobates terribilis'') geographic range, IUCN<ref>IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Conservation International & NatureServe. 2016. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55264/85887889 Phyllobates terribilis]. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]. Accessed on 08 May 2024.</ref>]]
== Geographical Distribution ==
This species occurs in tropical rainforests and wetlands in the western foothills of the Andes in Pacific coastal Colombia. <ref>Species Account Citation: [https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1707 AmphibiaWeb 2021 Phyllobates terribilis: Golden Poison Frog] https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1707 University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 8, 2024.</ref>

== Reproduction ==
Male ''P. terribilis'' will call near a laying site to attract a female. Eggs are deposited on moist, terrestrial sites in clutches of up to 20 eggs.<ref name= "Myers et al.">Myers, C.W.; Daly, J.W. & B. Malkin (1978). [https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/items/d82fffd4-13a8-4bc0-97df-40e96e7e6f14 "A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Embera Indians of western Colombia with discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning"]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 161: 307–366. [http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1286 hdl:2246/1286]</ref> Once eggs hatch, the male will carry tadpoles on his back

== Threats ==

* Agriculture and pesticides
* Livestock ranching
* Mining and quarrying
* Logging

== Calls ==
Males will emit "long sustained trills", of relatively low pitch compared to other ''Phyllobates''.

== Conservation ==
''P. terribilis'' is endangered and wild populations are decreasing. However, the species prolific and numerous in captivity, where it is readily available in the pet trade.

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Phyllobates terribilis

2025-07-06T19:21:22Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Phyllobates terribilis''
|image=[[File:Golden Poison dart frog Phyllobates terribilis.jpg|thumb|Golden Poison Dart Frog ''Phyllobates terribilis'' ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 c]) Brian Gratwicke]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Phyllobates''
|species=''terribilis''
|binomialName=''Phyllobates terribilis''
|discovered=(Myers, C.W.; Daly, J.W. & B. Malkin, 1978)
}}
Also known as the "Golden Poison Dart Frog", "Golden Poison Frog", or simply "Terribilis", ''Phyllobates terribilis'' is a diurnal, primarily terrestrial species endemic to western Colombia. It is among the largest species of dart frogs kept in captivity, and one of only three species of "dart frogs" confirmed to be used by indigenous peoples for poisoning darts (along with ''Phyllobates aurotaenia'' and ''Phyllobates bicolor'').

The species name ''terribilis'' refers to the toxic secretions this frog produces in the wild. It is estimated that a single wild ''Phyllobates terribilis'' contains enough toxin to kill about five adult humans.<ref name= "Myers et al.">Myers, C.W.; Daly, J.W. & B. Malkin (1978). [https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/items/d82fffd4-13a8-4bc0-97df-40e96e7e6f14 "A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Embera Indians of western Colombia with discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning"]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 161: 307–366. [http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1286 hdl:2246/1286]</ref> Despite its extreme toxicity in nature, ''terribilis'' kept in captivity are not known to be dangerously toxic.

The IUCN classifies ''terribilis'' as Endangered (EN). Wild populations are decreasing primarily due to habitat loss.<ref name=":0">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2017. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55264/85887889 Phyllobates terribilis]. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T55264A85887889. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T55264A85887889.en. Accessed on 08 May 2024.</ref>

= Description =
Adults typically reach 1.6 - 1.85 inches (41-47 mm) in size. Adult frogs are solid-colored, and either bright yellow, orange, or mint green with few (if any) markings. One locality ("Orange Blackfoot") is bright orange with black-accented legs. Wild ''Phyllobates terribilis'' are believed to be the most toxic of the Dendrobatids, though relatively harmless when raised entirely in captivity. Wild-caught specimens are known to retain their toxicity for three years or more, and should be avoided.<ref>Daly JW, Secunda SI, Garraffo HM, Spande TF, Wisnieski A, Cover JF Jr. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0041010194903352 "An uptake system for dietary alkaloids in poison frogs (Dendrobatidae)"]. Toxicon. 1994 Jun;32(6):657-63. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(94)90335-2 doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(94)90335-2]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7940573/ 7940573].</ref>

In addition to their infamous toxicity, ''P. terribilis'' are also known for their boldness. Hobbyists report they are fearless, almost always visible, and quickly learn to associate the opening of an enclosure with food.

==Localities==
The following localities and phenotypes have been established in captivity:
* "Orange"
* "Orange Blackfoot" (phenotype of "Orange" first introduced by [https://tesorosfrogs.com/products/phyllobates-terribilis-orange-black-foot Tesoros de Colombia])
* "Mint"
* "Yellow"

== Geographical Distribution ==
This species occurs in tropical rainforests and wetlands in the western foothills of the Andes in Pacific coastal Colombia. <ref>Species Account Citation: [https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1707 AmphibiaWeb 2021 Phyllobates terribilis: Golden Poison Frog] https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1707 University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 8, 2024.</ref>

== Reproduction ==
Male ''P. terribilis'' will call near a laying site to attract a female. Eggs are deposited on moist, terrestrial sites in clutches of up to 20 eggs.<ref name= "Myers et al.">Myers, C.W.; Daly, J.W. & B. Malkin (1978). [https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/items/d82fffd4-13a8-4bc0-97df-40e96e7e6f14 "A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Embera Indians of western Colombia with discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning"]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 161: 307–366. [http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1286 hdl:2246/1286]</ref> Once eggs hatch, the male will carry tadpoles on his back
[[File:Golden_Poison_Frog_(Phyllobates_terribilis)_geographical_distribution.png|alt=Golden Poison Frog (Phyllobates terribilis) geographical distribution|thumb|Golden Poison Frog (''Phyllobates terribilis'') geographic range, IUCN<ref>IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Conservation International & NatureServe. 2016. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55264/85887889 Phyllobates terribilis]. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]. Accessed on 08 May 2024.</ref>]]

== Threats ==

* Agriculture and pesticides
* Livestock ranching
* Mining and quarrying
* Logging

== Calls ==
Males will emit "long sustained trills", of relatively low pitch compared to other ''Phyllobates''.

== Conservation ==
''P. terribilis'' is endangered and wild populations are decreasing. However, the species prolific and numerous in captivity, where it is readily available in the pet trade.

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Phyllobates terribilis

2025-07-06T19:19:00Z

Vivipedia: /* Locales */

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Phyllobates terribilis''
|image=[[File:Golden Poison dart frog Phyllobates terribilis.jpg|thumb|Golden Poison Dart Frog ''Phyllobates terribilis'' ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 c]) Brian Gratwicke]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Phyllobates''
|species=''terribilis''
|binomialName=''Phyllobates terribilis''
|discovered=(Myers, C.W.; Daly, J.W. & B. Malkin, 1978)
}}
Also known as the "Golden Poison Dart Frog", "Golden Poison Frog", or simply "Terribilis", ''Phyllobates terribilis'' is a diurnal, primarily terrestrial species endemic to western Colombia. It is among the largest species of dart frogs kept in captivity, and one of only three species of "dart frogs" confirmed to be used by indigenous peoples for poisoning darts (along with ''Phyllobates aurotaenia'' and ''Phyllobates bicolor'').

The species name ''terribilis'' refers to the toxic secretions this frog produces in the wild. It is estimated that a single wild ''Phyllobates terribilis'' contains enough toxin to kill about five adult humans.<ref name= "Myers et al.">Myers, C.W.; Daly, J.W. & B. Malkin (1978). [https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/items/d82fffd4-13a8-4bc0-97df-40e96e7e6f14 "A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Embera Indians of western Colombia with discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning"]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 161: 307–366. [http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1286 hdl:2246/1286]</ref> Despite its extreme toxicity in nature, ''terribilis'' kept in captivity are not known to be dangerously toxic.

The IUCN classifies ''terribilis'' as Endangered (EN). Wild populations are decreasing primarily due to habitat loss.<ref name=":0">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2017. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55264/85887889 Phyllobates terribilis]. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T55264A85887889. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T55264A85887889.en. Accessed on 08 May 2024.</ref>

= Description =
Adults typically reach 1.6 - 1.85 inches (41-47 mm) in size. Adult frogs are solid-colored, and either bright yellow, orange, or mint green with few (if any) markings. One locality ("Orange Blackfoot") is bright orange with black-accented legs. Wild ''Phyllobates terribilis'' are believed to be the most toxic of the Dendrobatids, though relatively harmless when raised entirely in captivity. Wild-caught specimens are known to retain their toxicity for three years or more, and should be avoided.<ref>Daly JW, Secunda SI, Garraffo HM, Spande TF, Wisnieski A, Cover JF Jr. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0041010194903352 "An uptake system for dietary alkaloids in poison frogs (Dendrobatidae)"]. Toxicon. 1994 Jun;32(6):657-63. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(94)90335-2 doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(94)90335-2]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7940573/ 7940573].</ref>

In addition to their infamous toxicity, ''P. terribilis'' are also known for their boldness. Hobbyists report they are fearless, almost always visible, and quickly learn to associate the opening of an enclosure with food.

==Localities in the US Hobby==
* "Orange"
* "Orange Blackfoot" (phenotype of "Orange" first introduced by Tesoros de Colombia)
* "Mint"
* "Yellow"

== Geographical Distribution ==
This species occurs in tropical rainforests and wetlands in the western foothills of the Andes in Pacific coastal Colombia. <ref>Species Account Citation: [https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1707 AmphibiaWeb 2021 Phyllobates terribilis: Golden Poison Frog] https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1707 University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 8, 2024.</ref>

== Reproduction ==
Male ''P. terribilis'' will call near a laying site to attract a female. Eggs are deposited on moist, terrestrial sites in clutches of up to 20 eggs.<ref name= "Myers et al.">Myers, C.W.; Daly, J.W. & B. Malkin (1978). [https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/items/d82fffd4-13a8-4bc0-97df-40e96e7e6f14 "A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Embera Indians of western Colombia with discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning"]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 161: 307–366. [http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1286 hdl:2246/1286]</ref> Once eggs hatch, the male will carry tadpoles on his back
[[File:Golden_Poison_Frog_(Phyllobates_terribilis)_geographical_distribution.png|alt=Golden Poison Frog (Phyllobates terribilis) geographical distribution|thumb|Golden Poison Frog (''Phyllobates terribilis'') geographic range, IUCN<ref>IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Conservation International & NatureServe. 2016. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55264/85887889 Phyllobates terribilis]. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]. Accessed on 08 May 2024.</ref>]]

== Threats ==

* Agriculture and pesticides
* Livestock ranching
* Mining and quarrying
* Logging

== Calls ==
Males will emit "long sustained trills", of relatively low pitch compared to other ''Phyllobates''.

== Conservation ==
''P. terribilis'' is endangered and wild populations are decreasing. However, the species prolific and numerous in captivity, where it is readily available in the pet trade.

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Phyllobates terribilis

2025-07-06T18:08:04Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Phyllobates terribilis''
|image=[[File:Golden Poison dart frog Phyllobates terribilis.jpg|thumb|Golden Poison Dart Frog ''Phyllobates terribilis'' ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 c]) Brian Gratwicke]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Phyllobates''
|species=''terribilis''
|binomialName=''Phyllobates terribilis''
|discovered=(Myers, C.W.; Daly, J.W. & B. Malkin, 1978)
}}
Also known as the "Golden Poison Dart Frog", "Golden Poison Frog", or simply "Terribilis", ''Phyllobates terribilis'' is a diurnal, primarily terrestrial species endemic to western Colombia. It is among the largest species of dart frogs kept in captivity, and one of only three species of "dart frogs" confirmed to be used by indigenous peoples for poisoning darts (along with ''Phyllobates aurotaenia'' and ''Phyllobates bicolor'').

The species name ''terribilis'' refers to the toxic secretions this frog produces in the wild. It is estimated that a single wild ''Phyllobates terribilis'' contains enough toxin to kill about five adult humans.<ref name= "Myers et al.">Myers, C.W.; Daly, J.W. & B. Malkin (1978). [https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/items/d82fffd4-13a8-4bc0-97df-40e96e7e6f14 "A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Embera Indians of western Colombia with discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning"]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 161: 307–366. [http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1286 hdl:2246/1286]</ref> Despite its extreme toxicity in nature, ''terribilis'' kept in captivity are not known to be dangerously toxic.

The IUCN classifies ''terribilis'' as Endangered (EN). Wild populations are decreasing primarily due to habitat loss.<ref name=":0">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2017. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55264/85887889 Phyllobates terribilis]. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T55264A85887889. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T55264A85887889.en. Accessed on 08 May 2024.</ref>

= Description =
Adults typically reach 1.6 - 1.85 inches (41-47 mm) in size. Adult frogs are solid-colored, and either bright yellow, orange, or mint green with few (if any) markings. One locality ("Orange Blackfoot") is bright orange with black-accented legs. Wild ''Phyllobates terribilis'' are believed to be the most toxic of the Dendrobatids, though relatively harmless when raised entirely in captivity. Wild-caught specimens are known to retain their toxicity for three years or more, and should be avoided.<ref>Daly JW, Secunda SI, Garraffo HM, Spande TF, Wisnieski A, Cover JF Jr. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0041010194903352 "An uptake system for dietary alkaloids in poison frogs (Dendrobatidae)"]. Toxicon. 1994 Jun;32(6):657-63. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(94)90335-2 doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(94)90335-2]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7940573/ 7940573].</ref>

In addition to their infamous toxicity, ''P. terribilis'' are also known for their boldness. Hobbyists report they are fearless, almost always visible, and quickly learn to associate the opening of an enclosure with food.

==Locales==
* "Orange"
* "Orange Blackfoot"
* "Mint"
* "Yellow"

== Geographical Distribution ==
This species occurs in tropical rainforests and wetlands in the western foothills of the Andes in Pacific coastal Colombia. <ref>Species Account Citation: [https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1707 AmphibiaWeb 2021 Phyllobates terribilis: Golden Poison Frog] https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1707 University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 8, 2024.</ref>

== Reproduction ==
Male ''P. terribilis'' will call near a laying site to attract a female. Eggs are deposited on moist, terrestrial sites in clutches of up to 20 eggs.<ref name= "Myers et al.">Myers, C.W.; Daly, J.W. & B. Malkin (1978). [https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/items/d82fffd4-13a8-4bc0-97df-40e96e7e6f14 "A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Embera Indians of western Colombia with discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning"]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 161: 307–366. [http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1286 hdl:2246/1286]</ref> Once eggs hatch, the male will carry tadpoles on his back
[[File:Golden_Poison_Frog_(Phyllobates_terribilis)_geographical_distribution.png|alt=Golden Poison Frog (Phyllobates terribilis) geographical distribution|thumb|Golden Poison Frog (''Phyllobates terribilis'') geographic range, IUCN<ref>IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Conservation International & NatureServe. 2016. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55264/85887889 Phyllobates terribilis]. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]. Accessed on 08 May 2024.</ref>]]

== Threats ==

* Agriculture and pesticides
* Livestock ranching
* Mining and quarrying
* Logging

== Calls ==
Males will emit "long sustained trills", of relatively low pitch compared to other ''Phyllobates''.

== Conservation ==
''P. terribilis'' is endangered and wild populations are decreasing. However, the species prolific and numerous in captivity, where it is readily available in the pet trade.

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Phyllobates terribilis

2025-07-06T17:34:47Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Phyllobates terribilis''
|image=[[File:Golden Poison dart frog Phyllobates terribilis.jpg|thumb|Golden Poison Dart Frog ''Phyllobates terribilis'' ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 c]) Brian Gratwicke]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Phyllobates''
|species=''terribilis''
|binomialName=''Phyllobates terribilis''
|discovered=(Myers, C.W.; Daly, J.W. & B. Malkin, 1978)
}}
Also known as the "Golden Poison Dart Frog", "Golden Poison Frog", or simply "Terribilis", ''Phyllobates terribilis'' is a diurnal, primarily terrestrial species endemic to western Colombia. It is among the largest species of dart frogs kept in captivity, and one of only three species of "dart frogs" confirmed to be used by indigenous peoples for poisoning darts (along with ''Phyllobates aurotaenia'' and ''Phyllobates bicolor'').

The species name ''terribilis'' refers to the toxic secretions this frog produces in the wild. It is estimated that a single wild ''Phyllobates terribilis'' contains enough toxin to kill about five adult humans. <ref>Myers, C.W.; Daly, J.W. & B. Malkin (1978). "A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Embera Indians of western Colombia with discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 161: 307–366. hdl:2246/1286</ref> Despite its extreme toxicity in nature, ''terribilis'' kept in captivity are not known to be dangerously toxic.

The IUCN classifies ''terribilis'' as Endangered (EN). Wild populations are decreasing primarily due to habitat loss. <ref name=":0">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2017. Phyllobates terribilis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T55264A85887889. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T55264A85887889.en. Accessed on 08 May 2024.</ref>

= Description =
Adults typically reach 1.6 - 1.85 inches (41-47 mm) in size. Adult frogs are solid-colored, and either bright yellow, orange, or mint green with few (if any) markings. One locality ("Orange Blackfoot") is bright orange with black-accented legs. Wild ''Phyllobates terribilis'' are believed to be the most toxic of the Dendrobatids, though relatively harmless when raised entirely in captivity. Wild-caught specimens are known to retain their toxicity for three years or more, and should be avoided.<ref>Daly JW, Secunda SI, Garraffo HM, Spande TF, Wisnieski A, Cover JF Jr. An uptake system for dietary alkaloids in poison frogs (Dendrobatidae). Toxicon. 1994 Jun;32(6):657-63. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(94)90335-2. PMID: 7940573.</ref>

In addition to their infamous toxicity, ''P. terribilis'' are also known for their boldness. Hobbyists report they are fearless, almost always visible, and quickly learn to associate the opening of an enclosure with food.

==Locales==
* "Orange"
* "Orange Blackfoot"
* "Mint"
* "Yellow"

== Geographical Distribution ==
This species occurs in tropical rainforests and wetlands in the western foothills of the Andes in Pacific coastal Colombia. <ref>Species Account Citation: AmphibiaWeb 2021 Phyllobates terribilis: Golden Poison Frog <https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1707> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 8, 2024.</ref>

== Reproduction ==
Male ''P. terribilis'' will call near a laying site to attract a female. Eggs are deposited on moist, terrestrial sites in clutches of up to 20 eggs.<ref>Myers, C. W., Daly, J. W., and Malkin, B. (1978). ''A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Emberá Indians of Western Colombia, with discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning.'' Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 161, 307-366.</ref> Once eggs hatch, the male will carry tadpoles on his back
[[File:Golden_Poison_Frog_(Phyllobates_terribilis)_geographical_distribution.png|alt=Golden Poison Frog (Phyllobates terribilis) geographical distribution|thumb|Golden Poison Frog (''Phyllobates terribilis'') geographic range, IUCN<ref>Golden Poison Frog (Phyllobates terribilis) geographical distribution, IUCN - Golden Poison Frog (Phyllobates terribilis) geographical distribution, IUCN</ref>]]

== Threats ==

* Agriculture and pesticides
* Livestock ranching
* Mining and quarrying
* Logging

== Calls ==
Males will emit "long sustained trills", of relatively low pitch compared to other ''Phyllobates''.

== Conservation ==
''P. terribilis'' is endangered and wild populations are decreasing. However, the species prolific and numerous in captivity, where it is readily available in the pet trade.

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

File:Golden Poison Frog (Phyllobates terribilis) geographical distribution.png

2025-07-06T17:34:16Z

Vivipedia: Vivipedia uploaded File:Golden Poison Frog (Phyllobates terribilis) geographical distribution.png

Golden Poison Frog (Phyllobates terribilis) geographical distribution

Dendrobates auratus

2025-07-06T17:25:09Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Dendrobates auratus''
|image=[[File:Dendrobates auratus, poison dart frog.jpg|thumb|Green and Black Poison Frog ''Dendrobates auratus'' ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 c]) [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dendrobates_auratus,_poison_dart_frog.jpg Brian Gratwicke]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Dendrobates''
|species=''auratus''
|binomialName=''Dendrobates auratus''
|discovered=(Girard, 1855)
}}
Also known as the "Green And Black Poison Frog", ''Dendrobates auratus'' is a diurnal, semi-arboreal species endemic to Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama. It was also introduced to the Manoa Valley on Oahu, Hawaii in 1932 as a means for mosquito control, where it occurs to this day.<ref>McKeown, S. (1978). Hawaiian reptiles and amphibians. Oriental Publishing Co., Honolulu. </ref> Its species name comes from the Latin root ''aurat''-, meaning "gold" or "golden".

The IUCN classifies ''auratus'' as Least Concern (LC). Wild populations have a wide distribution and are considered stable. The species is also notably tolerant of habitat modification.<ref name=":0">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2020. Dendrobates auratus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T55174A3024941. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T55174A3024941.en. Accessed on 09 May 2024.</ref>

= Description =
''Dendrobates auratus'' occur in a wide variety of colors and patterns. Adult frogs are black with marbled green, blue, blue-green, or white.

Adults typically reach 1 - 1.65 inches (25.0 - 42.0 mm) in size.<ref>AmphibiaWeb 2023 Dendrobates auratus: Green and Black Poison Frog <https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1625> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 9, 2024.</ref>

==Locales==
* Ancon Hill
* Bahia Solano
* Black Capira
* Blue & Silver
* Bocas Del Toro
* Camo
* Campaña
* Capira
* Capurgana
* Colombian Blue and Green
* Colon
* Costa Rican Green and Black
** Costa Rican melanistic
* El Cope
* El Oro
* Golden
* Green and White
* Hawaiian
* Highland Bronze
* Karibik Albino
* Kuna Yala
* La Coca
* Los Sabalos
* Low River
* Mebalo
* Microspot
* Nicaraguan Green and Black
* Panama Blue & Black
* Panama Green & Black
* Panama Green & Bronze
* Pastores
* Peña Blanca
* Portobelo
* Reticulated
* Rio Cascajal
* Rio San Juan
* San Felix
* Super Blue
** Super Blue melanistic
*Taboga
*Turquoise & Black
*Turquoise & Bronze
[[File:Green_And_Black_Poison_Frog_(Dendrobates_auratus).png|alt=Green And Black Poison Frog (Dendrobates auratus)|left|thumb|Green And Black Poison Frog (''Dendrobates auratu''s) geographic range, IUCN<ref>Green And Black Poison Frog (Dendrobates auratus), IUCN - https://www.iucnredlist.org/fr/species/55174/3024941</ref>]]

== Geographical Distribution ==
This species occurs in tropical and subtropical forests and wetlands from southern Nicaragua to eastern Panama, and from Costa Rica to Colombia.<ref>Guyer, C., and Donnelly, M. A. (2005). Amphibians and Reptiles of La Selva, Costa Rica and the Caribbean Slope: A Comprehensive Guide. University of California Press, Berkeley. </ref>

== Reproduction ==
Male ''D. auratus'' will call near a laying site to attract a female. Females will compete for males and chase them away from the male's territory. Eggs are deposited on moist, terrestrial sites (like damp leaf litter) and maintained by the male, who rotates them to maintain oxygen and water levels until they hatch. At that time, the tadpoles are carried on the male's back to small pools of water where they continue development.<ref>Savage, J. M. (2002). The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica:a herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA and London. </ref>

== Diet ==
''D. auratus'' have been observed feeding on ants and mites, but they also prey on beetles, flies, and springtails.<ref>Caldwell, J. P., and Summers, K. D. (2003). ''Green poison frog, Dendrobates auratus.'' Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, Volume 6, Amphibians. 2nd edition. M. Hutchins, W. E. Duellman, and N. Schlager, eds., Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. </ref>

== Threats ==

* Agriculture
* Aquaculture
* Logging & wood harvesting
* Collection for use in pet trade
* Wildfires

== Calls ==
Male ''D. auratus'' will establish calling sites and emit a "a quiet, low-frequency buzz" to get females' attention.<ref>Wells, K. D. (1978). Courtship and Parental Behavior in a Panamanian Poison-Arrow Frog (Dendrobates auratus). Herpetologica, 34(2), 148–155. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3891667</ref>

== Conservation ==
''D. auratus'' wild distribution is widespread, though populations are decreasing. The species is numerous in captivity and is readily available in the pet trade.

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

Dendrobates auratus

2025-07-06T17:24:48Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Dendrobates auratus''
|image=[[File:Dendrobates auratus, poison dart frog.jpg|thumb|Green and Black Poison Frog ''Dendrobates auratus'' ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 c]) [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dendrobates_auratus,_poison_dart_frog.jpg Brian Gratwicke]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Dendrobates''
|species=''auratus''
|binomialName=''Dendrobates auratus''
|discovered=(Girard, 1855)
}}
Also known as the "Green And Black Poison Frog", ''Dendrobates auratus'' is a diurnal, semi-arboreal species endemic to Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama. It was also introduced to the Manoa Valley on Oahu, Hawaii in 1932 as a means for mosquito control, where it occurs to this day.<ref>McKeown, S. (1978). Hawaiian reptiles and amphibians. Oriental Publishing Co., Honolulu. </ref> Its species name comes from the Latin root ''aurat''-, meaning "gold" or "golden".

The IUCN classifies ''auratus'' as Least Concern (LC). Wild populations have a wide distribution and are considered stable. The species is also notably tolerant of habitat modification.<ref name=":0">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2020. Dendrobates auratus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T55174A3024941. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T55174A3024941.en. Accessed on 09 May 2024.</ref>

= Description =
''Dendrobates auratus'' occur in a wide variety of colors and patterns. Adult frogs are black with marbled green, blue, blue-green, or white.

Adults typically reach 1 - 1.65 inches (25.0 - 42.0 mm) in size.<ref>AmphibiaWeb 2023 Dendrobates auratus: Green and Black Poison Frog <https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1625> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 9, 2024.</ref>

==Locales==
* Ancon Hill
* Bahia Solano
* Black Capira
* Blue & Silver
* Bocas Del Toro
* Camo
* Campaña
* Capira
* Capurgana
* Colombian Blue and Green
* Colon
* Costa Rican Green and Black
** Costa Rican melanistic
* El Cope
* El Oro
* Golden
* Green and White
* Hawaiian
* Highland Bronze
* Karibik Albino
* Kuna Yala
* La Coca
* Los Sabalos
* Low River
* Mebalo
* Microspot
* Nicaraguan Green and Black
* Panama Blue & Black
* Panama Green & Black
* Panama Green & Bronze
* Pastores
* Peña Blanca
* Portobelo
* Reticulated
* Rio Cascajal
* Rio San Juan
* San Felix
* Super Blue
** Super Blue melanistic
*Taboga
*Turquoise & Black
*Turquoise & Bronze
[[File:Green And Black Poison Frog (Dendrobates auratus).png.png|alt=Green And Black Poison Frog (Dendrobates auratus)|left|thumb|Green And Black Poison Frog (''Dendrobates auratu''s) geographic range, IUCN<ref>Green And Black Poison Frog (Dendrobates auratus), IUCN - https://www.iucnredlist.org/fr/species/55174/3024941</ref>]]

== Geographical Distribution ==
This species occurs in tropical and subtropical forests and wetlands from southern Nicaragua to eastern Panama, and from Costa Rica to Colombia.<ref>Guyer, C., and Donnelly, M. A. (2005). Amphibians and Reptiles of La Selva, Costa Rica and the Caribbean Slope: A Comprehensive Guide. University of California Press, Berkeley. </ref>

== Reproduction ==
Male ''D. auratus'' will call near a laying site to attract a female. Females will compete for males and chase them away from the male's territory. Eggs are deposited on moist, terrestrial sites (like damp leaf litter) and maintained by the male, who rotates them to maintain oxygen and water levels until they hatch. At that time, the tadpoles are carried on the male's back to small pools of water where they continue development.<ref>Savage, J. M. (2002). The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica:a herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA and London. </ref>

== Diet ==
''D. auratus'' have been observed feeding on ants and mites, but they also prey on beetles, flies, and springtails.<ref>Caldwell, J. P., and Summers, K. D. (2003). ''Green poison frog, Dendrobates auratus.'' Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, Volume 6, Amphibians. 2nd edition. M. Hutchins, W. E. Duellman, and N. Schlager, eds., Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. </ref>

== Threats ==

* Agriculture
* Aquaculture
* Logging & wood harvesting
* Collection for use in pet trade
* Wildfires

== Calls ==
Male ''D. auratus'' will establish calling sites and emit a "a quiet, low-frequency buzz" to get females' attention.<ref>Wells, K. D. (1978). Courtship and Parental Behavior in a Panamanian Poison-Arrow Frog (Dendrobates auratus). Herpetologica, 34(2), 148–155. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3891667</ref>

== Conservation ==
''D. auratus'' wild distribution is widespread, though populations are decreasing. The species is numerous in captivity and is readily available in the pet trade.

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''}}

File:Green And Black Poison Frog (Dendrobates auratus).png

2025-07-06T17:24:16Z

Vivipedia: Vivipedia uploaded File:Green And Black Poison Frog (Dendrobates auratus).png

Green And Black Poison Frog (Dendrobates auratus)

Adelphobates castaneoticus

2025-07-06T01:42:26Z

Vivipedia:

{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Adelphobates castaneoticus''
|image=[[File:Adelphobates_castaneoticus.jpeg|thumb|''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©] [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/luisalmota Luísa L. Mota]]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Adelphobates''
|species=''castaneoticus''
|binomialName=''Adelphobates castaneoticus''
|discovered=(Caldwell & Myers, 1990)
}}

Also known as the "Brazil-nut Poison Frog" or "''castas''", ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' is a small, terrestrial species endemic to Brazil. The IUCN classifies ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' as Least Concern (LC) based on the most recent assessment for the species in 2021.<ref name="IUCN 2023">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group & Instituto Boitatá de Etnobiologia e Conservação da Fauna. 2023. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55179/184641728 ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T55179A184641728. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55179A184641728.en. Accessed on 18 November 2024.</ref>

= Description =
Adult ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' are between 0.7 in. and 0.9 in. (18-23 mm) with a black body, accented by small stripes or white spots on the back, and yellow or orange bright spots on the front and back of the limbs. Like other poison frogs, ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' utilizes water-filled parts of plants on or near the forest floor for tadpole deposition. However, this species seems to also take advantage of fallen rain-filled fruit capsules of the Brazil nut tree as well.<ref name="Caldwell 1990">Caldwell, JP & Myers, CW. 1990. [https://archive.org/details/newpoisonfrogfr2988cald/newpoisonfrogfr2988cald/mode/2up A new poison frog from Amazonian Brazil: with further revision of the quinquevittatus Group of Dendrobates]. Am Mus Novit No.: 2988.</ref>

= Geographical Distribution =
While the full range of ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' is not well documented, the species is known to inhabit the lowland rainforests of Pará, Brazil. <ref name="Caldwell 1990">Caldwell, JP & Myers, CW. 1990. [https://archive.org/details/newpoisonfrogfr2988cald/newpoisonfrogfr2988cald/mode/2up A new poison frog from Amazonian Brazil: with further revision of the quinquevittatus Group of Dendrobates]. Am Mus Novit No.: 2988.</ref>
[[File:Brazil-nut_poison_frog_(Adelphobates_castaneoticus)_geographical_distribution.png|thumb|left|''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' geographic range<ref name="IUCN 2023">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group & Instituto Boitatá de Etnobiologia e Conservação da Fauna. 2023. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55179/184641728 ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T55179A184641728. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55179A184641728.en. Accessed on 18 November 2024.</ref>]]

= Reproduction =
Male ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' will call near a laying site to attract a female. The female will deposit eggs in fruit husks (such as those of the Brazil nut tree), or axils of bromeliads and other water-filled plants. The tadpoles are transported by males to other axils where they feed on mosquito larvae, on tadpoles of other frogs, or cannibalistically on conspecific tadpoles.<ref name="Caldwell 1998">Caldwell, J. P., & de Araujo, M. C. 1998. Cannibalistic Interactions Resulting from Indiscriminate Predatory Behavior in Tadpoles of Poison Frogs (Anura: Dendrobatidae). Biotropica, 30(1), 92–103. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2389217</ref>

= Diet =
Little is known about the wild diet of ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'', though notably, tadpoles have been observed attacking and consuming tadpoles of other species of frogs, as well as cannibalistically feeding on other ''castaneoticus'' tadpoles.<ref name="Caldwell 1998">Caldwell, J. P., & de Araujo, M. C. 1998. Cannibalistic Interactions Resulting from Indiscriminate Predatory Behavior in Tadpoles of Poison Frogs (Anura: Dendrobatidae). Biotropica, 30(1), 92–103. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2389217</ref>

= Threats =

* Agriculture and aquaculture
* Natural system modifications
* Hunting & trapping
* Logging and wood harvesting

= Conservation =
The wild distribution of ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' is not well understood. The species is prolific and well-established in captivity, particularly in the European Union.

== References ==
<references />