Adelphobates castaneoticus

2025-07-04T16:00:41Z

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{{Taxon infobox (basic)
|name= ''Adelphobates castaneoticus''
|image=[[File:Adelphobates castaneoticus.jpeg|thumb|''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' <span class="plainlinks">[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©]</span> <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.inaturalist.org/people/luisalmota Luísa L. Mota]</span>]]
|image_caption=
|domain=''Eukaryota''
|kingdom=''Animalia''
|phylum=''Chordata''
|class=''Amphibia''
|order=''Anura''
|family=''Dendrobatidae''
|genus=''Adelphobates''
|species=''castaneoticus''
|binomialName=''Adelphobates castaneoticus''
|discovered=(Caldwell & Myers, 1990)
}}

Also known as the "Brazil-nut Poison Frog" or "''castas''", ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' is a small, terrestrial species endemic to Brazil. The IUCN classifies ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' as Least Concern (LC) based on the most recent assessment for the species in 2021.<ref name="IUCN 2023">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group & Instituto Boitatá de Etnobiologia e Conservação da Fauna. 2023. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55179/184641728 ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T55179A184641728. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55179A184641728.en. Accessed on 18 November 2024.</ref>

= Description =
Adult ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' are between 0.7 in. and 0.9 in. (18-23 mm) with a black body, accented by small stripes or white spots on the back, and yellow or orange bright spots on the front and back of the limbs. Like other poison frogs, ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' utilizes water-filled parts of plants on or near the forest floor for tadpole deposition. However, this species seems to also take advantage of fallen rain-filled fruit capsules of the Brazil nut tree as well.<ref name="Caldwell 1990">Caldwell, JP & Myers, CW. 1990. [https://archive.org/details/newpoisonfrogfr2988cald/newpoisonfrogfr2988cald/mode/2up A new poison frog from Amazonian Brazil: with further revision of the quinquevittatus Group of Dendrobates]. Am Mus Novit No.: 2988.</ref>

= Geographical Distribution =
While the full range of ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' is not well documented, the species is known to inhabit the lowland rainforests of Pará, Brazil. <ref name="Caldwell 1990">Caldwell, JP & Myers, CW. 1990. [https://archive.org/details/newpoisonfrogfr2988cald/newpoisonfrogfr2988cald/mode/2up A new poison frog from Amazonian Brazil: with further revision of the quinquevittatus Group of Dendrobates]. Am Mus Novit No.: 2988.</ref>
[[File:Brazil-nut poison frog (Adelphobates castaneoticus) geographical distribution.png|thumb|left|''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' geographic range<ref name="IUCN 2023">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group & Instituto Boitatá de Etnobiologia e Conservação da Fauna. 2023. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/55179/184641728 ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'']. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T55179A184641728. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55179A184641728.en. Accessed on 18 November 2024.</ref>]]

= Reproduction =
Male ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' will call near a laying site to attract a female. The female will deposit eggs in fruit husks (such as those of the Brazil nut tree), or axils of bromeliads and other water-filled plants. The tadpoles are transported by males to other axils where they feed on mosquito larvae, on tadpoles of other frogs, or cannibalistically on conspecific tadpoles.<ref name="Caldwell 1998">Caldwell, J. P., & de Araujo, M. C. 1998. Cannibalistic Interactions Resulting from Indiscriminate Predatory Behavior in Tadpoles of Poison Frogs (Anura: Dendrobatidae). Biotropica, 30(1), 92–103. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2389217</ref>

= Diet =
Little is known about the wild diet of ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'', though notably, tadpoles have been observed attacking and consuming tadpoles of other species of frogs, as well as cannibalistically feeding on other ''castaneoticus'' tadpoles.<ref name="Caldwell 1998">Caldwell, J. P., & de Araujo, M. C. 1998. Cannibalistic Interactions Resulting from Indiscriminate Predatory Behavior in Tadpoles of Poison Frogs (Anura: Dendrobatidae). Biotropica, 30(1), 92–103. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2389217</ref>

= Threats =

* Agriculture and aquaculture
* Natural system modifications
* Hunting & trapping
* Logging and wood harvesting

= Conservation =
The wild distribution of ''Adelphobates castaneoticus'' is not well understood. The species is prolific and well-established in captivity, particularly in the European Union.

== References ==
<references />

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Adelphobates castaneoticus